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In particular, <jats:italic>Saurosuchus galilei<\/jats:italic> is a large quadrupedal prestosuchid loricatan found in the Ischigualasto Formation from northwestern Argentina. Here, we reevaluated the braincase of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>galilei<\/jats:italic> and present the first paleoneurological study based on the partial natural casts of the holotype and the digital cranial endocast of the referred specimen PVSJ 32. The braincase of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>galilei<\/jats:italic> was here reinterpreted, identifying the sutures of the supraoccipital, otoccipital, basioccipital, parabasisphenoid, prootic, and laterosphenoid. A unique feature identified in the braincase of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>galilei<\/jats:italic> is the presence of deep paracondylar recesses associated with pharyngotympanic pneumaticity, which has not been identified in any other \u201crauisuchians\u201d so far. Most of the structures of the encephalon were recognized in the cranial endocast and natural casts including cranial nerves V\u2013XII, olfactory bulbs, main blood vessels and sinuses, and inner ear. These structures allowed us to quantify some of its sensorial capacities and recognize that <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>galilei<\/jats:italic> had an enhanced olfactory acuity, with coefficients higher than those expected for its body size, a condition previously observed in living crocodilians and tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. An improved sense of smell might have allowed <jats:italic>Saurosuchus<\/jats:italic> to track its prey from long distances and compensate for the poorer development of its other senses like vision and balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T09:33:57Z","timestamp":1703237637000},"page":"1239-1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Paleoneurology and neuroanatomical notes on the South American \u201crauisuchian\u201d <i>Saurosuchus galilei<\/i> from the Ischigualasto formation, San Juan, Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2570-3418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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