{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:43:14Z","timestamp":1787236994388,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010630","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We examined the ultrastructure of the mammalian\n                    <jats:italic>os penis<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the high\u2010resolution synchrotron level. Previously, bacular microanatomy had only been investigated histologically. We studied the baculum of the harp seal (\n                    <jats:italic>Pagophilus groenlandicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), in which the baculum varies more in size and shape than does a mechanically constrained bone (humerus). We (1) investigated the microarchitecture of bacula and humeri from the same seal specimens, and (2) described changes in bone micro\u2010 and macro\u2010morphology associated with age (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915, age range\u2009=\u20091\u201335\u2009years) and bone type. We analyzed cross\u2010sectional geometry non\u2010destructively through laboratory micro\u2010computed tomography. We suggest that the midshaft may resist axial compression while the proximal region may resist torsion, based on measurements of cross\u2010sectional and cortical areas, perimeter, ratio of maximum and minimum moments of inertia, and polar moment of inertia. In addition, midshaft bacula may be less mechanosensitive than humeri, based on microstructural variables (e.g., volume, surface area, diameter associated with lacunae and cortical porosity) analyzed across age groupings. Our findings related to the microarchitecture of the pinniped baculum provide a basis for further studies on development, mechanical properties, functions, and adaptations in this and other pinniped species. Our use of a multi\u2010modal imaging approach was minimally destructive for reproducible and accurate comparison of three\u2010dimensional bone ultrastructure. Such methods, coupled with multidisciplinary analyses, enable diverse studies of bone biology, life history, and evolution using museum collections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T03:04:25Z","timestamp":1707275065000},"page":"2858-2874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microarchitecture of the penis bone (baculum) of a seal: A\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    morphometric examination using synchrotron and laboratory micro\u2010computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"given":"Shreya S.","family":"Hande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2279-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janna M.","family":"Andronowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward H.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2018.1483294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/61081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1212(200011\/12)10:6<447::AID-OA532>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/1545-1542(2003)084<0673:mvaeot>2.0.co;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804327-1.00199-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f83-165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351189590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.9690254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2013.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"L'os p\u00e9nien, \u00e9tude descriptive et comparative","volume":"78","author":"Chaine J.","year":"1926","journal-title":"Actes de la Societ\u00e9 Lin\u00e9ene de Bordeaux"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2018.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-016-0319-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Bone histology: An anthropological perspective","author":"Crowder C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1995.tb05128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108550758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"Dragonfly. 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