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Still University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The epidural space of the American alligator (<jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>) is largely filled by a continuous venous sinus. This venous sinus extends throughout the trunk and tail of the alligator, and is continuous with the dural sinuses surrounding the brain. Segmental spinal veins (sl) link the spinal venous sinus (vs) to the somatic and visceral venous drainage. Some of these sl, like the caudal head vein along the occipital plate of the skull, are enlarged, suggesting more functional linkage. No evidence of venous valves or external venous sphincters was found associated with the vs; the relative scarcity of smooth muscle in the venous wall of the sinus suggests limited physiological regulation. The proatlas (pr), which develops between the occipital plate and C1 in crocodylians, is shaped like a neural arch and is fused to the dorsal surface of the vs. The present study suggests that the pr may function to propel venous blood around the brain and spinal cord. The vs effectively encloses the spinal dura, creating a tube\u2010within\u2010a\u2010tube system with the (smaller volume) spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Changes in venous blood pressure, as are likely during locomotion, would impact dural compliance and CSF pressure waves propagating along the spinal cord.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T05:54:38Z","timestamp":1707285278000},"page":"2953-2965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["On the spinal venous sinus of <i>Alligator mississippiensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"given":"Seth","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine  Kirksville Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cramberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine  Kirksville Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchal","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine  Kirksville Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Sopko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine  Kirksville Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelise","family":"Swords","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine  Kirksville Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine  Kirksville Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0988-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine  Kirksville Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.05.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091060302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199703000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"The significance of the evolution of the cerebrospinal fluid system","volume":"61","author":"Brocklehurst G.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"On the regulation of the supply of blood to the venous sinuses of the head of reptiles, with description of a new sphincter muscle on the jugular vein","volume":"8","author":"Bruner H. 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