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Compared to other primates, less is known about the etiology or frequency of caries among the Strepsirrhini. Given the link between caries and diet, caries frequency may be informative about the dietary ecology of a given animal. Understanding rates of caries in wild populations is also critical to assessing dental health in captive populations. Here, we examine caries frequency in a sample of 36 extant strepsirrhine species (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009316 individuals) using odontological collections of wild\u2010, non\u2010captive animals housed at the American Museum of Natural History by counting the number of specimens characterized by the disease. Additionally, in the context of studying caries lesions in strepsirrhines, case studies were also conducted to test if similar lesions were found in their fossil relatives. In particular, two fossil strepsirrhine species were analyzed: the earliest Late Eocene <jats:italic>Karanisia clarki<\/jats:italic>, and the subfossil lemur <jats:italic>Megaladapis madagascariensis<\/jats:italic>. Our results suggest that caries affects 13.92% of the extant individuals we examined. The frugivorous and folivorous taxa were characterized by the highest overall frequency of caries, whereas the insectivores, gummivores, and omnivores had much lower caries frequencies. Our results suggest that caries may be common among wild populations of strepsirrhines, and in fact is more prevalent than in many catarrhines and platyrrhines. These findings have important implications for understanding caries, diet, and health in living and fossil taxa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T07:59:22Z","timestamp":1710143962000},"page":"1995-2006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dental caries in living and extinct strepsirrhines with insights into diet"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5850-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keegan R.","family":"Selig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Institute of Evolutionary Biology  Warsaw Poland"},{"name":"Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9952-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Duquesne University  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary T.","family":"Silcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Scarborough  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-017-0151-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Primate societies","author":"Bearder S. 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