{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:44:39Z","timestamp":1789785879324,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2202272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2202272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a human skeletal lesion characterized by nodules of hyperplastic bone and thickening of the frontal bone's inner surface. Despite its prevalence in the general population and its long history of observation\u2014it is one of the most frequently observed pathologies in gross anatomy laboratories\u2014HFI's etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. This is largely due to the lack of a thorough survey of its histology across the various stages of its development. Our study has three major aims: (1) assess HFI histology from incipient to advanced lesions; (2) elucidate lamellar and trabecular structure in HFI; and (3) clarify impacts\/roles of the dura mater in HFI. Sections of nondecalcified bone provide evidence for two different categories of lesions: (1) <jats:italic>stratum<\/jats:italic> lesions, characterized by lamellar\u2010based overall thickening of the internal table, and (2) <jats:italic>eruptive<\/jats:italic> lesions, characterized by nodular formations of initially lamellar bone that appear to form the bulk of bone mass in advanced stages. Sections of nondecalcified bone also suggest that for both lesion types, HFI growths begin as deposits of lamellar bone, which are later remodeled into woven bone deposits; our data do not support the hypothesis that lesions begin as a \u201cdiploization\u201d of cortical bone as suggested by prior studies. Trichrome\u2010stained sections provide evidence that growing lesions erode through and engulf the dura mater, effectively destroying this tissue layer as they grow laterally and inwardly. Our results indicate possible avenues of research to better understand the root causes of this disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T03:22:35Z","timestamp":1711596155000},"page":"3364-3374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Space invaders: Reassessing the histology of hyperostosis frontalis interna"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9096-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell T.","family":"Hogg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Florida Gulf Coast University  Fort Myers Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6883-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Braconovic D.(2016).Radiological and immunohistochemical analyses of hyperostosis frontalis Interna: Multi\u2010level approach to understanding the development of this phenomenon. [unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Belgrade."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/homo\/2020\/1134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.b.10031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-009-9221-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2016.1178685"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.4.0710"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<303::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Hogg R. T.(2010).Dental microstructure and growth in the cebid primates. [unpublished doctoral dissertation]. City University of New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316388907.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Humason's animal tissue techniques","author":"Presnell J. K.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1513-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2001.1481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-7-9-624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Light and electron microscopy","author":"Slayter E. 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