{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:15:08Z","timestamp":1779293708989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020668","name":"European Research Executive Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clade Pseudosuchia appeared 250\u2009million years ago. The exclusively semi\u2010aquatic Crocodylia, which includes crocodiles, alligators, caimans, and gharials is the only surviving subgroup. Investigating Crocodylia biology is pivotal for inferring traits of extinct pseudosuchians. <jats:italic>Alligator<\/jats:italic> femur length is widely used for modeling pseudosuchian body mass, but the regression is influenced by sex and captivity status, leading to potential accuracy problems. An alternative model results from the correlation between alligator femur volume and body mass, which is unaffected by those covariates. Here, an alligator femur volume\u2010based regression is applied to estimate the masses of non\u2010crocodylian pseudosuchians, encompassing goniopholids, dyrosaurs, notosuchians, and thalattosuchians. For each, femur volume as the predictor yields lower body masses than does femur length. Morphological resemblances to existing crocodylians support the inference that extinct goniopholids and dyrosaurs were semi\u2010aquatic. Therefore, body masses predicted from femur length and volume should be reasonable, although larger body masses obtained from femur length may reflect sensitivity to sex or environmental factors. Fully terrestrial notosuchians had proportionately longer femora for their body sizes compared to semi\u2010aquatic crocodylians, suggesting that the higher body masses predicted from alligator femur length are overestimates. Fully aquatic thalattosuchians, skeletally adapted for buoyancy and with reduced reliance on the femur for locomotion, pose challenges for both femur length and volume\u2010based models. The results of this study advocate for the use of femur volume to predict body mass, particularly for semi\u2010aquatic and terrestrial pseudosuchians, and encourage further exploration of volumetric models as body size predictors for extinct vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:04:54Z","timestamp":1713423894000},"page":"257-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluating extinct pseudosuchian body mass estimates using a femur volume\u2010based model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0413-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly N.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Oklahoma State University \u2013 Center for Health Sciences  Tulsa Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Aubier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mus\u00e9um national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Pal\u00e9ontologie Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4708-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Val\u00e9ria Ara\u00fajo","family":"de Sena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mus\u00e9um national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Pal\u00e9ontologie Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Cubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mus\u00e9um national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Pal\u00e9ontologie Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08912963.2012.662680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Crocodiles and alligators","author":"Buffetaut E.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-14-128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1342-937X(05)70259-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Growth rates of American alligators in Louisiana","volume":"35","author":"Chabreck R. H.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Meshlab: An open\u2010source mesh processing tool","author":"Cignoni P.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pab.2022.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blaa081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2005)025[0354:FDABSO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"Die Meerkrokodile (Thalattosuchia n.g.) eine Sauriergruppe der Juraformation","volume":"57","author":"Fraas E. V.","year":"1901","journal-title":"Jahresheft der Vereinigung vaterl\u00e4ndischer Naturkundler W\u00fcrttembergs"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1997.10010975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"326","volume-title":"Fauna of Australia Vol 2A: Amphibia and reptilia","author":"Grigg G.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486300679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Crocodilian biology and evolution","author":"Grigg G. C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaa027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(03)00112-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annpal.2022.102539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"327","volume-title":"The nonmarine Triassic","author":"Lucas S. G.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"A new species of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the upper Cretaceous of Brazil, with the first complete postcranial skeleton described for the family Baurusuchidae","volume":"50","author":"Nascimento P. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pap\u00e9is Avulsos de Zoologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iob\/obz006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08912963.2013.777533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199984","article-title":"Reassessment of the enigmatic crocodyliform \u201cGoniopholis paulistanus\u201d Roxo, 1936: Historical approach, systematic, and description by new materials","volume":"13","author":"Pinheiro A. E. P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/A1015-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2011.00713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2023.111855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.28.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08912960500516112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36795-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.6047951.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1996.10011358"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.25452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:40:56Z","timestamp":1759941656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.25452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.25452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.25452","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}