{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T11:42:23Z","timestamp":1759923743879,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Batoids (rays and skates) are cartilaginous fishes whose jaws are not articulated directly to the neurocranium. The only point of contact between them are the hyomandibular cartilages, resulting in a unique mandibular suspension called euhyostyly. Due to this decoupling of the jaws from the skull, muscles play an essential role in modulating mandibular movements during the feeding process, especially during mandibular protrusion. The main objectives of our study were: (1) to examine the mandibular musculature of eight batoid species from different orders in the Batoidea and (2) establish a standardized musclulature terminology for future comparative myological studies in batoids. For each muscle bundle, the general characteristics of each cranial muscle were described and their origin and insertions were identified. The number of muscle bundles differed intraspecifically. On the dorsal surface, we reported the first evidence of the presence of the precranial muscle (PCM) in <jats:italic>U. halleri<\/jats:italic>, as well as the ethmoideo\u2010parethmoidalis muscle (ETM) in <jats:italic>R. velezi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. glaugostigma<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z. exasperata<\/jats:italic>; in addition, the insertion of the spiracularis muscle (SP) extended to the ventral surface of the oropharyngeal tract in myliobatiforms. On the ventral surface of the head, both <jats:italic>N. entemedor<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. californica<\/jats:italic> exhibited additional muscles in the mandibular area. These muscles were renamed as part of the standardization of mandibular terminology: the depressor mandibularis minor (DMM) in <jats:italic>N. entemedor<\/jats:italic> and the adductor mandibulae profundus (AMP) in <jats:italic>M. californica<\/jats:italic>. The standardization of terminology is essential for futures studies of the mandibular apparatus in batoids, to facilitate the morphological description of muscles in species without anatomical accounts and for continuity in broader comparative analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T08:20:28Z","timestamp":1719303628000},"page":"163-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cranial musculature of batoids: A standardized nomenclature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2542-7857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Ram\u00edrez\u2010D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  La Paz Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Kolmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Louisville  Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Peredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9878-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. H.","family":"Cruz\u2010Escalona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  La Paz Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  La Paz Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-014-0261-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Principles of animal design","author":"Biewener A. 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