{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:02:10Z","timestamp":1791716530070,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Many fish use a set of pharyngeal jaws in their throat to aid in prey capture and processing, particularly of large or complex prey. In this study\u2014combining dissection, CT scanning, histology, and performance testing\u2014we demonstrate a novel use of pharyngeal teeth in the ocean sunfish (\n                    <jats:italic>Mola mola<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a species for which pharyngeal jaw anatomy had not been described. We show that sunfish possesses only dorsal pharyngeal jaws where, in contrast to their beaklike oral teeth, teeth are recurved spikes, arranged in three loosely connected rows. Fang\u2010like pharyngeal teeth were tightly socketed in the skeletal tissue, with shorter, incompletely\u2010formed teeth erupting between, suggesting tooth replacement. Trichrome staining revealed teeth anchored into their sockets via a combination of collagen bundles originating from the jaw connective tissue and mineralized trabeculae extending from the teeth bases. In resting position, teeth are nearly covered by soft tissue; however, manipulation of a straplike muscle, running transversely on the dorsal jaw face, everted teeth like a cat's claws. Adult sunfish suction feed almost exclusively on gelatinous prey (e.g., jellyfish) and have been observed to jet water during feeding and other activities; flume experiments simulating jetting behavior demonstrated adult teeth caught simulated gelatinous prey with 70%\u2013100% success, with the teeth immobile in their sockets, even at 50x the jetting force, demonstrating high safety factor. We propose that sunfish pharyngeal teeth function as an efficient retention cage for mechanically challenging prey, a curious evolutionary convergence with the throat spikes of divergent taxa that employ spitting and jetting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T04:18:54Z","timestamp":1724041134000},"page":"2286-2297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Functional morphology of the pharyngeal teeth of the ocean sunfish,\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Mola mola<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2114-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Flaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong  Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Blumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy Medical University Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5026-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mason N.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong  Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8593-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura J.","family":"Ekstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wheaton College Massachusetts  Norton Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmicro\/dft085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802850-6.00004-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"A contribution to the visceral anatomy, development and relationships of the Plectognathi","volume":"88","author":"Breeder C. M.","year":"1947","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2017.0293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Spitting and leaping Sunfish","author":"Broeham, I.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2012.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25755-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/594380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2006.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Dragonfly. (2022).Comet Technologies Canada Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Predation on on sand dollars by gray triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, in the northeastern gulf of mexico","volume":"48","author":"Frazer T. K.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bulletin of Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.7.867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1435841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icaa089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"IS 3458 (2001). (2001).Conical tapers and taper angles for general engineering purposes."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"JASP Team. (2023).JASP (Version 0.18.1) [Computer software]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-5-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10228-021-00800-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/21.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10228-014-0444-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2330\/joralbiosci1965.25.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-014-2416-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icz027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-009-9155-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Evidence for a prehistoric Mola mola fishery on the southern California coast","volume":"2","author":"Porgasi J. F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of California and Great Basin anthropology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10228-017-0603-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aax5425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28762"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012387582-2\/50040-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2024.108062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","volume-title":"The ocean sunfishes evolution, biology and conservation","author":"Thys T. M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","volume-title":"Sea turtle anatomy","author":"Wyneken J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0b013e3182a9647a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2022.0559"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.25531","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.25531","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.25531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:03:04Z","timestamp":1785769384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.25531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.25531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.25531","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}