{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T21:49:38Z","timestamp":1759960178101,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Identifying sex in extinct archosaurs has proven difficult due, in part, to low sample sizes, preservation biases, and methodology. While previous studies have largely focused on morphological traits, here we investigate intracortical signals of egg\u2010shelling in extant alligators. Egg\u2010shelling requires large mobilizations of calcium reserves. Aves utilize medullary tissue as a calcium reserve, whereas crocodylians mobilize calcium from cortical bone or osteoderms. If crocodylians derive calcium from bone cortices for egg\u2010shelling, then egg\u2010shelling events should be detectable in female crocodylian cortical bone. We examined mid\u2010diaphyseal Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic> femoral bone cross\u2010sections for signals of reproduction. Compaction and area of resorbed tissue were measured in femoral cross\u2010sections from captive raised male (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) and female (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929) A. mississippiensis<\/jats:italic> of 26\u201327\u2009years at age of death. This sample is more robust than previous studies, though reproductive history data is unknown. Femora from a small sample of wild caught male (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) and female (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) A. mississippiensis<\/jats:italic> were also measured. Data were analyzed by pairwise t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests between sex and captivity status. There was no significant difference in either compaction or resorbed tissue values between male and female alligators, regardless of habitat (wild or captive\u2010raised). A reproductive signal was undetectable in this study and any quantifiable differences between sexes appears to be driven by size dimorphism. Cortical resorption rates in the femora of male and female alligators are reflective of normal aging processes and not indicative of egg\u2010shelling during reproduction. Examination of younger alligators would clarify processes driving bone turnover during reproductively active years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T07:22:19Z","timestamp":1719991339000},"page":"629-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The consequences of calcium: investigating intracortical reproductive signals in the American alligator for sex determination"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3252-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian T.","family":"Heck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0413-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly N.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.12272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836901001042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351189590-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16619.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-406X(60)90024-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(92)90164-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(86)90050-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Size and body proportions in Alligator mississippiensis: Implcations for archosaurian ichnology","volume":"4","author":"Farlow J. 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