{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:03:37Z","timestamp":1784300617312,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Frontal size variation is comparatively poorly sampled among sub\u2010Saharan African populations. This study assessed frontal sinus size in a sample of Khoe\u2010San skeletal remains from South African Later Stone Age contexts. Volumes were determined from CT scans of 102 adult crania; individual sex could be estimated in 82 cases. Sinus volume is not sexually dimorphic in this sample. The lack of frontal sinus aplasia is concordant with the low incidences recorded for other sub\u2010Saharan African and most other global populations save those that inhabit high latitudes. There is considerable variation in frontal sinus size among global populations, and the Khoe\u2010San possess among the smallest. The Khoe\u2010San have rather diminutive sinuses compared to sub\u2010Saharan Bantu\u2010speaking populations but resemble a northern African (Sudanese) population. Genetic studies indicate the earliest population divergence within\n                    <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    to have been between the Khoe\u2010San and all other living groups, and that this likely occurred in Africa during the span of Marine Isotope Stages 8\u20136. There is scant information on frontal sinus development among Late Quaternary African fossils that are likely either closely related or attributable to\n                    <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Among these, the MIS 3 cranium from Hofmeyr, South Africa, exhibits distinct Khoe\u2010San cranial affinities and despite its large size has a very small frontal sinus. This raises the possibility that the small frontal sinuses of the Holocene South African Khoe\u2010San might be a feature retained from an earlier MIS 3 population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T01:59:57Z","timestamp":1723168797000},"page":"801-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Frontal sinus size in South African Later Stone Age Holocene Khoe\u2010San"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5310-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick E.","family":"Grine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Stony Brook University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0893-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas W.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard Gilder Graduate School and Division of Anthropology American Museum of Natural History  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8699-6971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Greening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Archaeology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Crevecoeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux  Pessac Cedex France"},{"name":"Charg\u00e9e de Recherche CNRS Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux  Pessac Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8443-0758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendon K.","family":"Billings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Parktown  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5275-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Parktown  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florisbad Quaternary Research Station National Museum  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Archaeology Unit, Iziko Museums of South Africa  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0130-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan G.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6768-4000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna R.","family":"Veeramah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology &amp; Evolution Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5474-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie S.","family":"Mongle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Turkana Basin Institute Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-022-00308-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"532","article-title":"The relationship between the pneumatization patterns of the frontal sinus, crista galli and nasal septum: A tomography study","volume":"30","author":"Acar G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turkish Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"History of human life span and mortality","author":"Acs\u00e1di G. 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