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Previous investigations of lizard elbow morphology and kinematics suggest long\u2010axis rotation (LAR) of the radius and ulna during stance allows the manus to remain pronated during forelimb retraction. Using XROMM (X\u2010ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology), we explored the range of 3D movements and kinematics of the humerus, radius, and ulna in three adult male Central bearded dragons (<jats:italic>Pogona vitticeps<\/jats:italic>) during trackway walking. Our data indicate that the elbow joint of <jats:italic>P. vitticeps<\/jats:italic> experiences significant rotations in all three dimensions and that the radius and ulna adduct and rotate laterally on their long axes relative to the elbow joint and to one another during stance. These movements allow the distal ends of the radius and ulna to remain in a configuration necessary for manus pronation. These data support previous inferences that the radius and ulna of lizards move independently at the wrist joint. We suggest that independent LAR of the radius and ulna relative to the elbow joint and to one another may be an ancestral mechanism in lizards and perhaps more broadly across non\u2010avian reptiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T06:11:23Z","timestamp":1728886283000},"page":"2173-2193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring elbow kinematics in the central bearded dragon (<i>Pogona vitticeps<\/i>) using <scp>XROMM<\/scp>: <scp>Implications<\/scp> for the role of forearm long\u2010axis rotation in non\u2010avian reptile posture and mobility"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7396-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew F.","family":"Bonnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Program Stockton University  Galloway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lexi Moore","family":"Crisp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department Cabrini University  Radnor Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Dizinno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Program Stockton University  Galloway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Program Stockton University  Galloway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Program Stockton University  Galloway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Program Stockton University  Galloway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027836498400300205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Autodesk. 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