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The mammaliaform <jats:italic>Hadrocodium wui<\/jats:italic> from the Jurassic of China is known only from the cranium and mandible but may have had a fossorial lifestyle. It shares morphological similarities with talpid moles and soricid shrews and is closely related to other fossorial mammaliaforms. However, the lack of postcranial elements has so far precluded a definitive assessment regarding its fossorial behavior. Using a combination of geometric morphometric analysis of the lower mandible and finite element analyses of the cranium, comparisons between <jats:italic>H. wui<\/jats:italic> and extant groups are made. <jats:italic>H. wui<\/jats:italic> resembles talpid moles more closely than shrews in mandible shape. However, there are more similarities between <jats:italic>H. wui<\/jats:italic> and semi\u2010fossorial\/semi\u2010aquatic moles than fully fossorial moles. The skull of <jats:italic>H. wui<\/jats:italic> is particularly weak in every tested biomechanical scenario when compared to the related mammaliaform <jats:italic>Morganucodon oehleri<\/jats:italic> and talpid moles. This weakness is potentially a result of the reduction in thickness of the zygomatic arch. In contrast, the shrew crania show similar stress magnitudes and distribution. These results imply that <jats:italic>H. wui<\/jats:italic> was not fully fossorial and fed on a diet of softer invertebrates. Skull morphology may therefore not be sufficient to infer fossoriality in forelimb\u2010digging species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T04:21:34Z","timestamp":1737692494000},"page":"2371-2391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is cranial anatomy indicative of fossoriality? 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