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Previous analyses have hypothesized that the species was a molluscivore and a dominant predator in an otherwise depauperate local carnivoran guild. Here we describe limb elements of <jats:italic>S. melilutra<\/jats:italic> and perform quantitative analyses to categorize the functional morphology of the species to better understand its role in the predominantly aquatic and near\u2010water environments at Shuitangba. Our results indicate morphological similarities to both semi\u2010aquatic and semi\u2010fossorial modern mustelids. The limbs suggested unspecialized swimming abilities that were probably limited to paddling along the water surface. Multiple traits suggest semi\u2010fossorial capabilities, possibly related to increased hip stabilization and postural maintenance during digging or intensive foraging. Features relating to semi\u2010fossorial capability are consistently in the ranges of those of modern badgers. The combined functionality associated with both fore\u2010 and hind limb morphology was consistent with the more primitively generalized morphology of early lutrines. Many features of the limbs reveal the influence of body size that overwhelms or is indistinguishable from functional signals. Results suggest behaviors similar to those of the modern clawless otter <jats:italic>Aonyx<\/jats:italic>, which is more reliant on shoreline foraging, often involving digging, and terrestrial locomotion than other modern otters. The large size of <jats:italic>S. melilutra<\/jats:italic> likely provided advantages such as increased potential prey size range and the ability to utilize terrestrial resources, although it would have been more constrained by drag\u2010related forces in the water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T23:17:57Z","timestamp":1744931877000},"page":"2680-2709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Postcranial functional morphology of the large swamp otter <i>Siamogale melilutra<\/i> (Lutrinae: Mustelidae: Carnivora) from northeastern Yunnan, south\u2010western China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6167-838X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent","family":"Adrian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Kelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise F.","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Canine anatomy: A systemic study","year":"2004","author":"Adams D. 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