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This study evaluates how climatic gradients and locomotor strategy (subterranean or surface dwelling species) influence turbinal complexity in caviomorph rodents. Using microCT imaging, we quantified respiratory (RZ) and olfactory (OZ) turbinal morphology across eight caviomorph rodents and two outgroups from xeric, mesic, and generalist habitats, including subterranean and surface\u2010dwelling species. Our results revealed that xeric\u2010adapted subterranean species exhibited significantly expanded RZ surface areas and greater structural complexity, consistent with enhanced water retention demands in arid environments. While surface\u2010dwelling species showed larger absolute OZ areas compared to subterranean taxa, this difference became non\u2010significant after accounting for body size, suggesting olfactory structures are less influenced by locomotor strategy than by allometric or phylogenetic factors. Respiratory turbinals appeared more variable across habitats, whereas olfactory turbinals showed comparatively conserved morphology among ecological groups. This pattern could reflect differing evolutionary pressures acting on thermoregulatory versus sensory systems in rodents. The observed trade\u2010off between respiratory efficiency and olfactory capacity suggests how multiple selective forces may shape anatomical specialization in response to environmental challenges. These findings provide new insights into functional constraints governing nasal evolution, proposing a framework for interpreting ecological adaptations in caviomorphs. Our study illustrates how integrating quantitative morphometrics with ecological data can elucidate complex structure\u2013function relationships in mammalian anatomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T05:54:07Z","timestamp":1749880447000},"page":"379-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predicting hydric and thermic balance in caviomorph rodents through nasal turbinals morphometry: Impact of life habits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6940-6485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n","family":"Baldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Ecolog\u00eda Fisiol\u00f3gica y del Comportamiento Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) \u2010 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata  Mar del Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Buezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Morfolog\u00eda Funcional Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) \u2010 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata  Mar del Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7463-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Antenucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Ecolog\u00eda Fisiol\u00f3gica y del Comportamiento Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) \u2010 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata  Mar del Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001330104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyw104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(89)90048-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90060-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/855.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4565(00)00005-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23516"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Fisiolog\u00eda ecol\u00f3gica y evolutiva","author":"D\u00edaz G.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1374552"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03192680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparative morphometry of the nasal cavity in rats and mice","volume":"135","author":"Gross E. 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