{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:52:50Z","timestamp":1777953170965,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The morphology of the ankle joint and foot during early development exhibits distinct differences from that observed in adults, with physiological clubfoot being a well\u2010documented phenomenon. To better understand this posture and its transformation, the skeletal elements in this region were three\u2010dimensionally reconstructed using high\u2010resolution phase\u2010contrast x\u2010ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of specimens (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200923) during the late embryonic and early fetal periods, before joint cavity formation. Sequential changes were analyzed both morphologically and morphometrically from anterior, lateral, posterior, and plantar views. The reduction in plantar flexion of the ankle joint rendered the positional change of the hindfoot substantially more complex, and three\u2010dimensional reconstruction facilitated its comprehension. Continuous supination of the hindfoot, pronation of the forefoot along the foot axis, and reduced plantar flexion of the ankle joint were identified as key postural changes that contributed to the development of temporal physiological clubfoot, initiated as early as the late embryonic period. Twisting between the forefoot and hindfoot and the abduction of the ankle joint, resulting from the obliquity of the tibia\u2013talus joint, were substantial. The offset effect of the two angle changes conceals such changes in most previous studies. Changes in the shape of the tarsal bones, especially the calcaneus and talus, affected the relative bone positions, indicating that the concept of \u201cdifferential growth\u201d may apply to ankle\u2010joint and foot morphogenesis. Findings of the present study are expected to enhance understanding of the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying clubfoot and facilitate fetal diagnosis via morphological assessments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T14:10:21Z","timestamp":1752156621000},"page":"1549-1566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in the position of skeletal elements of the ankle and foot during late embryonic and fetal periods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Takakuwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kouki","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yamato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syotaro","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sena","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Kanahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6925-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akio","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAGA Light Source  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Research Center for Quantum Medicine Gifu University School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University  Shimane Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigehito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000040302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000010102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13862"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1268-7731(03)00017-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195941050-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.b.20092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-8-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199003000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-75310-7_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Sarrafian's anatomy of the foot and ankle: Descriptive, topographic, functional,","author":"Kelikian A. 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