{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:52:48Z","timestamp":1777953168917,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015662","name":"Calleva Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Geometric morphometric analyses are used to explore variation of maxillary dental arcades of\n                    <jats:italic>Australopithecus afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , expanding on the work of Hanegraef and Spoor, 2025 (Morphological variation of the\n                    <jats:italic>Australopithecus afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    maxilla.\n                    <jats:italic>Journal of Human Evolution<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>201<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 103651) by integrating evidence from a large sample of virtually reconstructed mandibles. Size and shape of maxillary dental arcades can be predicted accurately from mandibular landmarks based on strong covariation between occluding upper and lower dentitions, and a novel method was developed to correct for reduced shape variation in these predictions. As predictions are restricted to the alveolar process, morphological information about the rest of the maxilla is lost. The trade\u2010off between a smaller sample with comprehensive morphology and a larger sample with restricted morphology is discussed. Here, we analyzed 9 original and 17 predicted\n                    <jats:italic>A. afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    dental arcades in the comparative context of 448 extant hominine (modern human and African ape) maxillae. This study found that (1) degrees of size and shape variation are high in\n                    <jats:italic>A. afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , potentially even higher than in\n                    <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic>\n                    species when including the predictions in the fossil sample, (2) no allometry was detected, even when expanding the\n                    <jats:italic>A. afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sample with predictions, (3) size and shape do not significantly change over time when analyzing original and predicted\n                    <jats:italic>A. afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    dental arcades together, and (4) sexual form and shape dimorphism, but not sexual size differences, are reduced when including\n                    <jats:italic>A. afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    predictions in the fossil sample. Our results quantifying the range and pattern of variation of the\n                    <jats:italic>A. afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    maxilla provide a comparative context when assessing whether or not other Plio\u2010Pleistocene hominin specimens are conspecific.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T12:04:37Z","timestamp":1753963477000},"page":"1483-1505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating mandibular evidence to assess morphological variation of the\n                    <i>Australopithecus afarensis<\/i>\n                    maxilla"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2205-5702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hester","family":"Hanegraef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Evolution Research Natural History Museum  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1020-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Evolution Research Natural History Museum  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8829-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fred","family":"Spoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Evolution Research Natural History Museum  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Human Origins Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Morphometric tools for landmark data: Geometry and biology","author":"Bookstein F. L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(02)00201-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Campisano C. J.(2007).Tephrostratigraphy and hominin paleoenvironments of the Hadar Formation Afar Depression Ethiopia[Doctoral dissertation Rutgers University]. RU Community Repository.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7282\/T3NS0V99"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76032-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9956-3_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Statistical shape analysis","author":"Dryden I. 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