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In bats, prior work suggests turbinal anatomy is simplified in association with laryngeal echolocation (especially nasal emitting bats) and in association with insectivory. Using histology and iodine\u2010enhanced micro\u2010computed tomography, we examined a sample of 83 adult bats (54 species) to test these hypotheses more broadly across Chiroptera. Compared to bats that lack the capacity for laryngeal echolocation (i.e., Pteropodidae), all echolocating bats lack some of the more peripheral turbinals (e.g., interturbinals), and many lack at least one ethmoturbinal. Generally, turbinals are simple and plate\u2010like in echolocating bats; most lack the scrolled turbinal morphology seen in pteropodids. When ethmoturbinals are measured in summed cross\u2010sectional perimeters, pteropodids exhibit greater complexity in the olfactory recess compared to all echolocators. In contrast, some echolocators lack any olfactory recess. Bats that emit calls through the nasal cavity have novel turbinal morphology that could play a role in modifying calls. A preliminary quantitative survey suggests frugivores have greater olfactory surface area than other dietary groups, with as much as 66% of the nasal cavity lined with olfactory mucosa in the frugivorous pteropodid\n                    <jats:italic>Cynopterus sphinx<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Also, frugivorous bats within Phyllostomidae possess more elaborate turbinals than species belonging to other dietary groups in the family, including greatly enlarged interturbinals in the frugivorous\n                    <jats:italic>Artibeus jamaicensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Nevertheless, olfactory reduction (e.g., olfactory recess absence) is not universally seen among insectivores. Our results emphasize the multifunctionality of turbinals and suggest the evolution of differential growth rates and novel functions of the nasal cavity in extant bats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T23:34:56Z","timestamp":1759793696000},"page":"1073-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional microanatomy of nasal turbinals in bats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Loeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6623-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment an der Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4970-8259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Chhaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5004-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"DeLeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9774-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Eiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathology Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine  Las Cruces New Mexico USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology New Mexico State University  Las Cruces New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6463-3569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharlene E.","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6883-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"On a revision of the ethmoid bone in the Mammalia, with special reference to the description of this bone and of the sense of smelling in the Cheiroptera","volume":"10","author":"Allen H.","year":"1882","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09951-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"551","article-title":"Comparison of brain structure volumes in Insectivora and primates. 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