{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:00:39Z","timestamp":1791392439420,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The green iguana (\n                    <jats:italic>Iguana iguana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is an iguanine lizard with herbivorous and arboreal habits, whose distribution spans through South America, Central America to the south of North America. Although the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Iguana<\/jats:italic>\n                    is well\u2010known, the species still lacks a comprehensive and up\u2010to\u2010date anatomical study, particularly addressing the axial skeleton, including intraspecific variation. This study provides an anatomical revision of the species, providing a detailed redescription of its cranial skeleton and the first comprehensive analysis of its axial skeleton. Here we use X\u2010ray computed tomography, 3D segmentation and osteological analyses to examine nine specimens. Significant individual variability was observed in the shape and proportions of skull bones, the presence and absence of a neural spine in the atlas vertebra, rib count and caudal vertebrae morphotypes. Notably, the nasal and frontal bones exhibited shape variation related with specimen size. The caudal vertebrae exhibited considerable variation across specimens, presenting seven distinct morphotypes with consistent sequence but individual variation in their quantity and presence. Moreover, the caudal vertebrae variability contrasts with the previously known caudal pattern for the species. These findings expand our understanding of the morphological diversity within\n                    <jats:italic>I. iguana<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T16:51:09Z","timestamp":1765990269000},"page":"3345-3374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The skeleton of the green\n                    <i>Iguana iguana<\/i>\n                    (Squamata: Iguanidae) and its intraspecific morphological variation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2005-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vieno","family":"Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o de Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5536-5478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Vin\u00edcius","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o de Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Zoologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6030-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Cupello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Arqueologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14393\/ufu.te.2016.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17161\/randa.v27i3.14858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Estudio anat\u00f3mico del esqueleto en el g\u00e9nero Gallotia (Squamata: Lacertidae)","volume":"12","author":"Barahona F.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Herpetolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55231-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10962-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Tail furcations in lizards: A revised summary and the second report of tail duplication in the Western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis Baird & Girard, 1852","volume":"17","author":"Baum T. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Herpetology Notes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biad120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1670\/14-170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Bock B. Malone C. L. Knapp C. Aparicio J. Avila\u2010Pires T. C. S. Cacciali P. Caicedo J. R. Chaves G. Cisneros\u2010Heredia D. F. Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010C\u00e1rdenas P. Lamar W. Moravec J. Perez P. Porras L. W. Rivas G. Scott N. Sol\u00f3rzano A. &Sunyer J.(2022).Iguana iguana (amended version of 2020 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"404","article-title":"XROMM analysis of rib kinematics during lung ventilation in the green iguana, Iguana iguana","volume":"219","author":"Brainerd E. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17161\/randa.v20i2.13941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23944"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1206\/0003-0082(2007)3584[1:ACLCIS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1670\/08-175.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.4857"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.1902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1441880"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families: essays commemorating Charles L. Camp","author":"Etheridge R.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The skull of lizards and tuatara","volume":"20","author":"Evans S. E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biology of the Reptilia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.250325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/azo.12056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1062359020040068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24246"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Modes of ventilation in early tetrapods: Costal aspiration as a key feature of amniotes","volume":"46","author":"Janis C. M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution","author":"Kardong K. 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C.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2014001300013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/azo.12245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","volume-title":"Systema Naturae per regna tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymous, locis, Editio decimata reformata","author":"Linnaeus C.","year":"1758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oelrich T. M.(1956).The Anatomy of the Head of Ctenosaura pectinata (Iguanidae). Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan.","DOI":"10.2307\/1440299"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paparella I.(2021).Anatomy and evolution of the Gal\u00e1pagos marine iguana Amblyrhynchus cristatus(Squamata Iguanidae) with a new phylogeny of Iguania and considerations about aquatic adaptations in extant and fossil lizards. PhD thesis Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta.","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24797"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24797"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) and the green iguana (Iguana iguana) skull by three\u2010dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction","volume":"58","author":"P\u00e9rez Alberto S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Slovenian Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1997.tb02788.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22524"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","volume-title":"The vertebrate body","author":"Romer A. 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L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Iguana"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149445"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-81751997000100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2021.107345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.6573"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.70108","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.70108","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:43:52Z","timestamp":1791391432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}