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Despite their taxonomic and evolutionary significance, detailed descriptions of dental morphology remain scarce. The order Carcharhiniformes, the most diverse among sharks, comprises 304 valid species that display remarkable diversity and complexity in dentition. This study aims to describe and illustrate crown morphological variation within Carcharhiniformes, with a focus on family\u2010level patterns and types of heterodonty. Tooth samples were obtained from specimens preserved in 70% ethanol and from dry jaws. A total of 66 samples, representing all families except Dichichthyidae, were examined and photographed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The types of heterodonty considered include dignathic, gynandric, monognathic, and ontogenetic. Dignathic and monognathic heterodonty were further classified as weak, moderate, and strong. Four sub\u2010arrangements were recognized: imbricate, independent, mixed, and overlap, as well as the pavement and independent dentition arrangements. New data reveal previously unrecognized patterns of variation across the four types of heterodonty in Carcharhinidae, Scyliorhinidae, Proscylliidae, Triakidae, and Pentanchidae. High\u2010resolution SEM images allowed detailed characterization of crown morphology, highlighting subtle diagnostic features and family\u2010level differences across heterodonty types. Dental complexity in Carcharhiniformes is largely driven by the distribution and combination of heterodonty types. These detailed dental descriptions provide a valuable framework for understanding the diversity and evolutionary significance of dentition within the most diverse order of sharks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:20:57Z","timestamp":1765804857000},"page":"3432-3454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dental crown morphological variation and heterodonty in carcharhiniform sharks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7064-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via","family":"Zanini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8984-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla D. A.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Recherches sur les poissons fossiles","author":"Agassiz L.","year":"1835"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"Notes sur les poissons du Patagonien","volume":"3","author":"Ameghino F.","year":"1908","journal-title":"Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Requins de l'Helv\u00e9tien sup\u00e9rior et du Tortonien de Lisbonne","volume":"16","author":"Antunes M. 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