{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:23:38Z","timestamp":1784067818763,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_176319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_176319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_212984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_212984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The emergence of bipedal locomotion during human evolution has considerably reshaped the hominin pelvis, which also impacted the pelvic floor musculature. Among early hominins, australopithecines have an anteroposteriorly narrow, transversely wide bony pelvis. This study investigates whether this particular shape of the birth canal weakens the pelvic floor during childbirth in these hominins and if the pelvic floor contributes to rotational birth. As such, we explored the stress values at the pelvic floor that occur during the descent of the fetal head, using 3D models of extant humans based on the reconstruction of pelvic\u2010fetal dyads from hospital records with known birth outcomes. We then compared this to 3D models based on pelvic reconstructions of A.L. 288\u20101 (\n                    <jats:italic>Australopithecus afarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), Sts 14 (\n                    <jats:italic>A. africanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and MH2 (\n                    <jats:italic>A. sediba<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) using a 110\u2009g neonatal brain weight. The early hominin pelvic floor was reconstructed by warping the pelvis and pelvic floor extracted from an MRI of a modern adult woman to the australopithecine pelvic morphology. Our results suggest that the range of stress values on the pelvic floor is comparable between humans (5.3\u201310.5\u2009MPa) and australopithecines (4.9\u201310.7\u2009MPa), suggesting that their females may have been exposed to a similarly high risk of perineal laceration during vaginal delivery as modern humans. None of the four australopithecine simulations, and only one out of two modern human simulations, showed an internal rotation of the fetal head into an occiput anterior orientation, suggesting this movement is particularly complex and involves influences beyond just the levator ani musculature.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:35:34Z","timestamp":1773124534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A finite element study of soft\u2010tissue deformation during birth in australopithecines: Assessing pelvic floor stress and fetal head rotation in early hominins"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2800-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Fr\u00e9mondi\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences School of Midwifery, Aix Marseille University  Marseille France"},{"name":"UMR 7268 ADES Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4456-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Thollon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBA Aix Marseille University, Gustave Eiffel University  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7579-703X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Medicine University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg\u2013Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9100-4183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Haeusler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Medicine University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7479-2360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Marchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7268 ADES Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330740107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330750107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125703"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.11.006","article-title":"A new reconstruction of Sts 14 pelvis (Australopithecus africanus) from computed tomography and three\u2010dimensional modeling techniques","volume":"58","author":"Berge C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(84)80029-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der Gyn\u00e4kologie: oder systematische Darstellung der Lehren von Erkenntnis und Behandlung eigenth\u00fcmlicher gesunder und krankhafter Zust\u00e4nde, sowohl der nicht schwangern, schwangern und geb\u00e4renden Frauen, als der W\u00f6chnerinnen und neugebornen Kinder","author":"Carus C. 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Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine et de pharmacie de Lyon Lyon."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","volume-title":"Du d\u00e9troit inf\u00e9rieur musculaire du bassin obst\u00e9trical","author":"Varnier H.","year":"1888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","volume-title":"Die Anatomie des Beckens im Hinblick auf den Mechanismus der Geburt","author":"Veit J.","year":"1887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840903251270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-024-02558-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"\u00dcber das H\u00fcftbein und das Becken der Primaten und ihre Umformung durch den aufrechten Gang","volume":"44","author":"Weidenreich F.","year":"1913","journal-title":"Anatomischer Anzeiger"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.70173","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.70173","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.70173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:35:39Z","timestamp":1773124539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.70173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.70173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.70173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ar.70173"}}