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These patterns are complicated by variation in canal dimensions in relationship with different changes in overall pelvic breadths. To quantify this complexity, we examine pelvic canal dimensions relative to body mass and bi\u2010iliac and biacetabular breadths in a global human skeletal sample (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009229) and 10 hominin fossils. Relative to measures of pelvic breadth and body mass, there is substantial variation in canal dimensions in hominins and both sexes of\n                    <jats:italic>Homo sapiens,<\/jats:italic>\n                    with weaker relationships with anteroposterior than mediolateral dimensions. Human females are more variable in anteroposterior dimensions than males, but not in mediolateral dimensions. While anteroposterior dimensions are relatively short in most Australopiths, canal breadths are not relatively larger than\n                    <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>\n                    (except vs. body mass). Mediolateral reduction and anteroposterior expansion are not consistent across\n                    <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , nor within\n                    <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Due to substantial variation within both sexes of\n                    <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , hominin fossils, and the reconstructions within a single assemblage, clearly no one (or 2) pelves can stand in for pelvic form for a hominin grade (e.g., Australopiths, early\n                    <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and so forth), or perhaps even species. Pelvic shape and \u201cdimorphism\u201d evolution within the hominin lineage did not follow a single trajectory. Given the dearth of Middle Pleistocene\n                    <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>\n                    pelves from warmer climates (lower latitude), and the variation produced by different pelvic reconstructions, our picture of pelvic form in later\n                    <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains incomplete.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:11:53Z","timestamp":1780981913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The fossil record stays silent: Confusions and conundrums for hominin pelvis evolution"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-6584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen K.","family":"Kurki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Victoria  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0224-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara M.","family":"Wall\u2010Scheffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Seattle Pacific University  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330750107","article-title":"Evolution of the ischial spine and of the pelvic floor in the Hominoidea","volume":"75","author":"Abitbol M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.70014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2020.102922"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","article-title":"Human variation in the shape of the birth canal is significant and geographically structured","volume":"285","author":"Betti L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2014.02.021","article-title":"The interaction of neutral evolutionary processes with climatically\u2010driven adaptive changes in the 3D shape of the human os coxae","volume":"73","author":"Betti L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012131107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1876-y","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional shape differences in the bony pelvis of women with pelvic floor disorders","volume":"24","author":"Brown K. 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