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In Chiropteran, its morphology varies widely, yet interspecific anatomical and functional differences remain poorly understood. This study describes and compares the gross anatomy, histomorphology, and histochemical profile of the prostate in three Neotropical vespertilionid bats\u2014\n                    <jats:italic>Neoeptesicus furinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Myotis levis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Lasiurus blossevillii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014across two climatic seasons (cold\u2013dry and warm\u2013wet). Prostates from 20 adult specimens were analyzed using anatomical description, standard histology (H\u2013E), and histochemistry (periodic acid\u2013Schiff [PAS]\u2013hematoxylin). Anatomically, a fundamental intergeneric difference was observed:\n                    <jats:italic>N. furinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited two regions (ventral and dorsal), whereas\n                    <jats:italic>M. levis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>L. blossevillii<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed a tricompartmentalized prostate (ventral, dorsal, and dorsolateral). All species presented a pseudostratified epithelium. Histochemically, the ventral lobe was consistently PAS\u2010positive, but its mode of secretion differed\u2014holocrine in\n                    <jats:italic>N. furinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. levis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and apocrine in\n                    <jats:italic>L. blossevillii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Seasonal patterns also diverged:\n                    <jats:italic>N. furinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. levis<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed marked variation in prostatic activity, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>L. blossevillii<\/jats:italic>\n                    remained active year\u2010round. These results demonstrate pronounced intergeneric divergence in prostate organization and secretory dynamics, suggesting that the prostate gland plays a central, species\u2010specific role in mediating reproductive strategies in response to environmental conditions in Neotropical vespertilionid bats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T02:04:07Z","timestamp":1780625047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative anatomy and histology of the prostate gland in three neotropical vespertilionid bats (Chiropteran: Vespertilionidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0276-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sof\u00eda","family":"Dip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"},{"name":"CONICET NOA Sur (Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2010CCT)  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n","family":"Abrigato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas \u00c1ridas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (IADIZA\u2014CONICET)  Mendoza Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Gen\u00e9tica y Microbiolog\u00eda, Fundaci\u00f3n Miguel Lillo  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela Beatriz","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Animal, Fundaci\u00f3n Miguel Lillo  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Daniela","family":"Miotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n  Tucum\u00e1n Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511541872","volume-title":"Ontogeny, functional ecology, and evolution of bats","author":"Adams R. 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