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Geckos (Gekkota) are an especially informative clade for investigating these patterns because they include a broad range of adult body sizes, including a high prevalence of miniaturized species. Furthermore, geckos provide a useful system in which the brain, eyes, and feeding musculature must be accommodated within a finite cranial space. Here, we combine three\u2010dimensional volumetric data derived from DiceCT and \u03bcCT scans with phylogenetic comparative analyses to examine how major cranial soft tissues scale across geckos of varying adult body sizes. We evaluate allometric scaling using phylogenetic RMA regression against two complementary size proxies, snout\u2010vent length and a cranial size index, and further assess whether scaling within the feeding musculature is uniform by partitioning the jaw muscles into temporal, palatal, and protractor functional groups. Our results show that cranial soft tissues do not scale uniformly with size: head volume is approximately isometric, brain volume shows negative allometry, eye volume is proxy dependent, and jaw adductor muscle volume shows positive allometry. Functional partitioning further reveals that the temporal and palatal groups drive positive allometry in the feeding musculature, whereas the protractor muscles remain approximately isometric. These findings provide a quantitative framework for understanding how neurosensory and musculoskeletal systems are co\u2010accommodated within the gekkotan skull and offer new insight into the structural consequences of body\u2010size evolution and miniaturization in vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T05:45:47Z","timestamp":1781329547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coevolution and allometric scaling of cranial soft tissues in geckos (Gekkota)"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0920-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy D.","family":"Lagorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey M.","family":"Holliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(199607)229:1<59::AID-JMOR3>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Cranial musculature of South American Gekkonidae","volume":"229","author":"Abdala V.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Morphology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"A cladistic analysis of ten lizard families (Reptilia: Squamata) based on cranial musculature","volume":"10","author":"Abdala V.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Russian Journal of Herpetology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biad120","article-title":"Increasing the impact of vertebrate scientific collections through 3D imaging: The openVertebrate (oVert) Thematic Collections Network","volume":"74","author":"Blackburn D. 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