{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:22:10Z","timestamp":1783146130782,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007579","name":"Auburn University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In recent years, the Permo\u2010Triassic rocks of Kashmir have attracted considerable attention due to their intriguing preservation of fossil assemblages and relatively continuous sedimentary sequences, offering key insights into the end\u2010Permian mass extinction event and subsequent biotic recovery. Among these, the Mandakpal section on the southern limb of the Vihi Syncline has remained comparatively understudied, despite its rich fossil assemblages and apparently continuous Permo\u2010Triassic sequence, similar to the well\u2010studied Guryul Ravine. In this study, the Mandakpal section is re\u2010investigated through detailed fieldwork, lithological characterization, and fossil sampling. Multiple fossiliferous horizons were identified, including beds rich in productid brachiopods and pectinid bivalves. Notably, a partially preserved Meckel's cartilage of a chondrichthyan fish, possibly representing an eugeneodontiform, is documented from the Upper Permian limestone and shale beds of the Zewan Formation. This represents the first non\u2010dental chondrichthyan fossil record from the Permian of Kashmir, highlighting the exceptional preservation potential of these rocks. In addition, the occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>Ophiceras<\/jats:italic>\n                    ammonoid beds and the bivalve\n                    <jats:italic>Claraia<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the overlying strata confirms the presence of the earliest Triassic (Scythian) at Mandakpal, marking a clear Permo\u2010Triassic transition within the section. The Mandakpal section represents an important locality for regional biostratigraphic correlation, documenting vertebrate fossils, and can contribute to future research aimed at more precise demarcation of the Permian\u2010Triassic boundary in the Tethyan belt, thereby refining our understanding of biotic turn over and environmental disruptions during earth's most severe extinction event.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:14:26Z","timestamp":1783145666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new fossil locality in the Late Permian Zewan Formation reveals evidence of marine chondrichthyan in Kashmir Himalaya"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5351-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Shafi","family":"Bhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Sciences Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST)  Awantipora Jammu and Kashmir India"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4261-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"},{"name":"Auburn University Museum of Natural History  Auburn Alabama USA"},{"name":"Field Museum of Natural History  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7480-3581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Museum of Natural History  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8748-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishfaq Ahmad","family":"Pall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology Government Degree College  Shopian Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0996-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javid Ahmad","family":"Ganai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Qayoom","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of India  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3184-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahid","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of India  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Ali","family":"Uge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2006.11.050","article-title":"Sequencing events across the Permian\u2010Triassic boundary, Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India)","volume":"252","author":"Algeo T. J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Meckel's cartilage: discovery, embryology and evolution: Overview of the specificity of Meckel's cartilage","volume":"52","author":"Amano O.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Biosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.762042","article-title":"Mineralized cartilage and bone\u2010like tissues in chondrichthyans offer potential insights into the evolution and development of mineralized tissues in the vertebrate endoskeleton","volume":"12","author":"Atake O. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6854","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092150999","article-title":"Anatomical and ecological constraints on Phanerozoic animal diversity in the marine realm","volume":"99","author":"Bambach R. K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Gondwana vertebrate faunas of India","volume":"65","author":"Bandyopadhyay S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.18814\/epiiugs\/2020\/020028","article-title":"Gondwana vertebrate faunas of India: Their diversity and intercontinental relationships","volume":"43","author":"Bandyopadhyay S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Episodes"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"The Permian\u2010Triassic Boundary: Recent developments, discussion and proposals","volume":"18","author":"Baud A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Albertiana"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"The new GSSP, base of the Triassic: Some consequences","volume":"26","author":"Baud A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Albertiana"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2012.12.010","article-title":"Impacts of global warming on Permo\u2010Triassic terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"25","author":"Benton M. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gondwana Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00093-4","article-title":"How to kill (almost) all life: The end\u2010Permian extinction event","volume":"18","author":"Benton M. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Palaeozoic succession of Indian Plate","volume":"74","author":"Bhargava O. N.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Memoir Geological Society of India"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/0971102320150105","article-title":"Evolution of the Tethyan and Karewa successions in Kashmir: A synthesis","volume":"60","author":"Bhargava O. N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"A labyrinthodont from the Lower Gondwana of Kashmir and a new edestid from the Permian of the Salt Range","volume":"9","author":"Branson C. C.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2008.05.004","article-title":"Smithian and Spathian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages from terranes: paleoceanographic and paleogeographic implications","volume":"36","author":"Brayard A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.2110\/palo.2012.p12-070r","article-title":"Shaken and stirred: Seismites and tsunamites at the Permian\u2010Triassic boundary, Guryul Ravine, Kashmir, India","volume":"28","author":"Brookfield M. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Palaios"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2010.01.008","article-title":"Platinum element group variations at the Permo\u2010Triassic boundary in Kashmir and British Columbia and their significance","volume":"272","author":"Brookfield M. E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemical Geology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/dep2.96","article-title":"Palaeoenvironments and elemental geochemistry across the marine Permo\u2010Triassic boundary section, Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India) and a comparison with other North Indian passive margin sections","volume":"6","author":"Brookfield M. E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depositional Record"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-0182(03)00476-0","article-title":"Palaeoenvironments of the Permian\u2010Triassic transition sections in Kashmir, India","volume":"198","author":"Brookfield M. E.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geobios.2017.10.001","article-title":"Conodont\u2010based Griesbachian biochronology of the Guryul Ravine section (basal Triassic, Kashmir, India)","volume":"50","author":"Brosse M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geobios"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"512","volume-title":"Handbook of paleoichthyology, 3E","author":"Cappetta H.","year":"2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(1985)96<1020:MOGCAG>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Migration of glacial centers across Gondwana during Paleozoic Era","volume":"96","author":"Caputo M. V.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geological Society of America Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The restless Indian plate and its epic voyage from Gondwana to Asia: Its tectonic, paleoclimatic, and paleobiogeographic evolution","volume":"529","author":"Chatterjee S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geological Society of America Special Paper"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1475","article-title":"The timing and pattern of biotic recovery following the end\u2010Permian mass extinction","volume":"5","author":"Chen Z. Q.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/0971102319800114","article-title":"Late Lower Triassic and Early Middle Triassic conodont faunas from Kashmir and Kumaun sequences in Himalaya","volume":"25","author":"Chhabra N. L.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sedgeo.2017.07.002","article-title":"Upper Paleozoic glacigenic deposits of Gondwana: Stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental significance of a tillite succession in Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica)","volume":"358","author":"Cornamusini G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sedimentary Geology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowell J. C. (1999). Pre\u2010Mesozoic Ice Ages: Their bearing on understanding the climate system.Geological Society of America Memoir 192 106.","DOI":"10.1130\/0-8137-1192-4.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"327","volume-title":"The Great Paleozoic crisis: Life and death in the Permian","author":"Erwin D. H.","year":"1993"},{"issue":"6460","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/367231a0","article-title":"The Permo\u2010Triassic extinction","volume":"367","author":"Erwin D. H.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01436-0","article-title":"The end and the beginning: Recoveries from mass extinctions","volume":"13","author":"Erwin D. H.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","volume-title":"Extinction: How life on earth nearly ended 250 million years ago updated","author":"Erwin D. H.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001","article-title":"3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network","volume":"30","author":"Fedorov A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"4082","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1126\/science.180.4082.188","article-title":"Permian ammonoid Cyclolobus from the Zewan Formation, Guryul Ravine, Kashmir","volume":"180","author":"Furnish W. M.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Famennian chondrichthyans from the shelves of North Gondwana","volume":"52","author":"Ginter M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Geologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"168","volume-title":"Handbook of paleoichthyology. Volume 3D. Chondrichthyes. Paleozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth","author":"Ginter M.","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1866.022.01-02.08","article-title":"On the Carboniferous rocks of the valley of Kashmere: With notes on the Brachiopoda collected by Capt. Godwin\u2010Austen in Thibet and Kashmere, by T. Davidson, Esq., FRS, FGS","volume":"22","author":"Godwin\u2010Austen H.","year":"1866","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1130\/G38141.1","article-title":"Early Triassic productivity crises delayed recovery from world's worst mass extinction","volume":"44","author":"Grasby S. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14418","article-title":"A new Meckel's cartilage from the Devonian Hangenberg black shale in Morocco and its position in chondrichthyan jaw morphospace","volume":"10","author":"Greif M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"The geological and biological environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian of Montana, USA) and a model for its deposition","volume":"24","author":"Grogan E. D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geodiversitas"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","volume-title":"Indian Palaeozoic stratigraphy","author":"Gupta V. J.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new actinopterygian fish from the Lower Permian of Kashmir, India","volume":"11","author":"Gupta V. J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Indian Geologists' Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"The stratigaphical position of the Gangamopteris beds of Kashmir","volume":"36","author":"Hayden H. H.","year":"1907","journal-title":"Records of the Geological Survey of India"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.18814\/epiiugs\/2001\/v24i2\/004","article-title":"The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian\u2010Triassic boundary","volume":"24","author":"Hongfu Y.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Episodes"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13358-024-00337-2","article-title":"Natural assemblages of the earliest Triassic conodont Hindeodus parvus from the Shangsi section, Sichuan province, Southwest China","volume":"143","author":"Huang J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swiss Journal of Palaeontology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/08912963.2012.662229","article-title":"New jalodontid chondrichthyans from the Middle Permian of West Texas, USA","volume":"24","author":"Ivanov A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Historical Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3140\/bull.geosci.1645","article-title":"Chondrichthyans from the Lower Permian of Mechetlino, South Urals","volume":"91","author":"Ivanov A. O.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bulletin of Geosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/spp2.1055","article-title":"A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper Permian Kundaram Formation of India","volume":"2","author":"Kammerer C. F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Papers in Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.54991\/jop.1987.1590","article-title":"Extra\u2010peninsular Gondwana basins\u2014Stratigraphy and evolution","volume":"36","author":"Kapoor H.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Palaeosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0971102319680103","article-title":"Additional records of fossils and fossiliferous bands from the Lower Gondwanas of Zewan Spur, Kashmir","volume":"13","author":"Kapoor H. M.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Lower Gondwana of Nishatbagh Kashmir and its significance","volume":"7","author":"Kapoor H. M.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Geophytology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/0971102319750145","article-title":"Pastannah section of Kashmir with special reference to \u201cOphioceras\u201d bed of Middlemiss","volume":"20","author":"Kapoor H. M.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","first-page":"443","volume-title":"IV international gondwana symposium papers","author":"Kapoor H. M.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"The Paleozoic Mesozoic boundary. Candidates of the global stratotype section and point of the Permian\u2013Triassic boundary","author":"Kapoor H. M.","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"A shark tooth from Zewan Series of Guryul Ravine, Kashmir","volume":"38","author":"Kapoor H. M.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2009.08.012","article-title":"Massive volcanism at the Permian\u2013Triassic boundary and its impact on the isotopic composition of the ocean and atmosphere","volume":"37","author":"Korte C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"The Lower Triassic (Skythian) ammonoid Otoceras","volume":"143","author":"Kummel B.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/237462a0","article-title":"Permian reptilian fauna from India","volume":"237","author":"Kutty T. S.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2025-0140"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755691022000251","article-title":"Tooth whorl structure, growth and function in a helicoprionid chondrichthyan Karpinskiprion (nom. Nov.) (Eugeneodontiformes) with a revision of the family composition","volume":"113","author":"Lebedev O. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2025.02.028","article-title":"Conodont diversity, biostratigraphy, and environmental dynamics: Unravelling the Smithian\u2010Spathian transition at Guryul Ravine, Kashmir","volume":"142","author":"Leu M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gondwana Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Discovery of helicoprinid fossils in China","volume":"7","author":"Liu H. T.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Vertebrata PalAsiatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"New material of helicoprionid shark from Lianyuan of Hunan","volume":"32","author":"Liu Z.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vertebrata PalAsiatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-040809-152416","article-title":"The Late Devonian Gogo Formation L\u00e4gerstatte of Western Australia: Exceptional early vertebrate preservation and diversity","volume":"38","author":"Long J. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1997.10010996","article-title":"The rhadinichthyids (paleoniscoid actinopterygians) from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana (USA, Lower Carboniferous)","volume":"17","author":"Lund R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","volume-title":"The geology of the K\u00e1shm\u00edr and Chamba territories, and the British District of Kh\u00e1g\u00e1n: By Richard Lydekker. [Kopftitel.] (Published by order of His Excellency the Governor General of India in Council)","author":"Lydekker R.","year":"1883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2021.103671","article-title":"Lower Triassic conodont biostratigraphy of the Guryul Ravine section, Kashmir","volume":"207","author":"Lyu Z.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global and Planetary Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14376","article-title":"Architectural and ultrastructural features of tessellated calcified cartilage in modern and extinct chondrichthyan fishes","volume":"98","author":"Maisey J. G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Gondwana's and related marine sedimentary systems of Kashmir","volume":"37","author":"Middlemiss C. S.","year":"1909","journal-title":"Records of the Geological Survey of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"A revision of the Silurian\u2010Trias sequence in Kashmir","volume":"40","author":"Middlemiss C. S.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Records of the Geological Survey of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1144\/SP295.3","article-title":"New eugeneodontid sharks from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of western Canada","volume":"295","author":"Mutter R. J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/0971102319750124","article-title":"On Claraia of Kashmir and Iran","volume":"20","author":"Nakazawa K.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Geology and paleontology of Southeast Asia\u2014Symposium","author":"Nakazawa K.","year":"1980"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Spilitic pillow lava in Panjal trap of Kashmir, India","volume":"39","author":"Nakazawa K.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","volume-title":"Memoir of the geological survey of India, palaeontologia indica, new series, XLVI","author":"Nakazawa K.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Upper Permian and Lower Triassic in Kashmir, India","volume":"42","author":"Nakazawa K.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Faculty of Science. Kyoto University, Series Geology and Mineralogy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Preliminary report on the Permo\u2010Trias of Kashmir","volume":"37","author":"Nakazawa K.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"On new or little known Edestidae from the Permian and Triassic of East Greenland","volume":"144","author":"Nielsen E.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Meddelelser om Gr\u00f8nland"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Conodonts of the lowermost Triassic of Spiti, and new zonation based on Neogondolella successions","volume":"104","author":"Orchard M. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1879.035.01-04.38","article-title":"On the endothiodont Reptilia, with evidence of the species Endothiodon uniseries, Ow","volume":"35","author":"Owen","year":"1879","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society"},{"issue":"5683","key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097023","article-title":"Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end\u2010Permian extinction","volume":"305","author":"Payne J. L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s005310050235","article-title":"The Frasnian\u2013Famennian biotic crisis: How many (if any) bolide impacts?","volume":"87","author":"Racki G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geologische Rundschau"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20319","article-title":"Eating with a saw for a jaw: Functional morphology of the jaws and tooth\u2010whorl in Helicoprion davisii","volume":"276","author":"Ramsay J. B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Morphology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2023.125981","article-title":"Prodigious shift in provenance across Permian\u2010Triassic boundary at Guryul ravine section, Kashmir, Tethys Himalaya, India: Evidences from Sr and Nd isotopes","volume":"83","author":"Rashid S. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geochemistry"},{"issue":"4539","key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1126\/science.215.4539.1501","article-title":"Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record","volume":"215","author":"Raup D. M.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.3.801","article-title":"Periodicity of extinctions in the geologic past","volume":"81","author":"Raup D. M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","first-page":"630","article-title":"Some contributions to the Lower Gondwana stratigraphy of the Pranhita\u2010Godavari Valley, Deccan, India","volume":"50","author":"Ray S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the Geological Society of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-5362(99)00090-1","article-title":"Permian reptilian fauna from the Kundaram Formation, Pranhita\u2010Godavari Valley, India","volume":"29","author":"Ray S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of African Earth Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-4983.00132","article-title":"Endothiodont dicynodonts from the Late Permian Kundaram Formation of India","volume":"43","author":"Ray S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2517\/prpsj.5.177","article-title":"Small Permian dicynodonts from India","volume":"5","author":"Ray S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paleontological Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-9120(02)00050-0","article-title":"Late permian vertebrate community of the Pranhita\u2013Godavari valley, India","volume":"21","author":"Ray S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18394","article-title":"A new moradisaurine captorhinid reptile (Amniota: Eureptilia) from the upper Permian of India","volume":"12","author":"Reisz R. R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1667","article-title":"Climatic and biotic upheavals following the end\u2010Permian mass extinction","volume":"6","author":"Romano C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12161","article-title":"Permian\u2013Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution","volume":"91","author":"Romano C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"The vertebrate faunas of the Permian and Lower Triassic sequence","volume":"36","author":"Satsangi P. P.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Palaeobotanist"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1017\/pab.2024.1","article-title":"Rise and diversification of chondrichthyans in the Paleozoic","volume":"50","author":"Schnetz L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022336000023192","article-title":"An eugeneodontid elasmobranch from the late Paleozoic of Kansas","volume":"70","author":"Schultze H. P.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Paleontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Earth history: The evolution of the earth system as revealed through plate tectonics, paleogeography, paleoclimate, and the evolution of life: PALEOMAP project","author":"Scotese C. R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-5362(98)00084-0","article-title":"Gondwana palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology","volume":"28","author":"Scotese C. R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of African Earth Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sepkoski J. J. (1984). A kinetic model of Phanerozoic taxonomic diversity. III. Post\u2010Paleozoic families and mass extinctions.Paleobiology 10(2) 246\u2013267.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300008186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Permo\u2010Carboniferous plants and vertebrates from Kashmir","volume":"2","author":"Seward A. C.","year":"1905","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Large igneous provinces from Gondwana and adjacent regions","author":"Shellnutt J. G.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL049032","article-title":"No link between the Panjal Traps (Kashmir) and the Late Permian mass extinctions","volume":"38","author":"Shellnutt J. G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2012.10.022","article-title":"Origin of the silicic volcanic rocks of the Early Permian Panjal Traps, Kashmir, India","volume":"334","author":"Shellnutt J. G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemical Geology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2014.01.008","article-title":"Petrogenesis of the flood basalts from the Early Permian Panjal Traps, Kashmir, India: Geochemical evidence for shallow melting of the mantle","volume":"204","author":"Shellnutt J. G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palwor.2006.03.005","article-title":"End\u2010Permian mass extinction pattern in the northern peri\u2010Gondwanan region","volume":"15","author":"Shen S. Z.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Palaeoworld"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302323110","article-title":"Provincialization of terrestrial faunas following the end\u2010Permian mass extinction","volume":"110","author":"Sidor C. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-8252(02)00104-6","article-title":"The evolution of modern corals and their early history","volume":"60","author":"Stanley G. D.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Earth\u2010Science Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d14020085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1666\/12-156","article-title":"Unraveling species concepts for the Helicoprion tooth whorl","volume":"87","author":"Tapanila L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Paleontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0057","article-title":"Jaws for a spiral\u2010tooth whorl: CT images reveal novel adaptation and phylogeny in fossil Helicoprion","volume":"9","author":"Tapanila L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24046","article-title":"Saws, Scissors, and Sharks: Late Paleozoic experimentation with symphyseal dentition","volume":"303","author":"Tapanila L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anatomical Record"},{"issue":"3915","key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1126\/science.167.3915.174","article-title":"Mixed Permian\u2010Triassic fauna, Guryul Ravine, Kashmir","volume":"167","author":"Teichert C.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2014.08.018","article-title":"The Permian\u2013Triassic palynological transition in the Guryul Ravine section, Kashmir, India: Implications for Tethyan\u2013Gondwanan correlations","volume":"149","author":"Tewari R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Earth\u2010Science Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","volume-title":"Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy","author":"Tong J.","year":"2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1144\/0016-764903-098","article-title":"Earth geography from 400 to 250 Ma: A palaeomagnetic, faunal and facies review","volume":"161","author":"Torsvik T. H.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Geological Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","unstructured":"Tripathi C. (1962).Rhinesuchus wadiaisp. nov. a new labyrinthodont from Vindhya Pradesh.Records of the Geological Survey of India 89 399\u2013406."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13668","article-title":"Heterodonty and ontogenetic shift dynamics in the dentition of the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier (Chondrichthyes, Galeocerdidae)","volume":"241","author":"T\u00fcrtscher J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(96)00008-9","article-title":"Trace fossils and the aftermath of the Permo\u2010Triassic mass extinction: Evidence from northern Italy","volume":"124","author":"Twitchett R. J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Chelydosaurus marahomensis n.sp. a new fossil labyrinthodont from the Lower Gondwana near Marahom, Anantnag District, Kashmir","volume":"16","author":"Verma K. K.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Indian Minerals"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2017045118","article-title":"Evidence from South Africa for a protracted end\u2010Permian extinction on land","volume":"118","author":"Viglietti P. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d15030386"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Actinodon risinensis n. sp. in the Lower Gondwana of Vihi District. Kashmir","volume":"61","author":"Wadia D. N.","year":"1928","journal-title":"Records of the Geological Survey of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119522812.ch1","volume-title":"Dienerian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from the Northern Indian Margin","author":"Ware D.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"The Permian temnospondyl amphibians of India","volume":"52","author":"Werneburg R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Special Papers in Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wignall P. B. & Twitchett R. J. (1996). Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction.Science 272 1155\u20131158.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5265.1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Extent, duration, and nature of the Permian\u2010Triassic superanoxic event","volume":"356","author":"Wignall P. B.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Special Papers\u2010Geological Society of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2004.10.009","article-title":"Pyrite framboid evidence for oxygen\u2010poor deposition during the Permian\u2013Triassic crisis in Kashmir","volume":"216","author":"Wignall P. B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_1","unstructured":"Woodward A. S. (1905). Permo\u2010Carboniferous vertebrates from Kashmir.Palaeontologia lndica.New Series 3 1\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new shark of the family Edestidae, Ornithoprion hertwigi, from the Pennsylvanian Mecca and Logan quarry shales of Indiana","volume":"16","author":"Zangerl R.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Geological Series by Field Columbian Museum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_1","volume-title":"Handbook of paleoichthyology","author":"Zangerl R.","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.70277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ar.70277","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.70277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:14:52Z","timestamp":1783145692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.70277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":132,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.70277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.70277","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ar.70277"}}