{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:45:35Z","timestamp":1787240735132,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Caudal vertebrae of caenophidian snakes are characterized by the presence of paired haemapophyses\u2013a pattern observed from the earliest\u2010diverging acrochordid lineage to the most derived viperids, and documented in the fossil record from the Late Cretaceous onward, including the basalmost known extinct caenophidian forms. Using micro\u2010computed tomography scanning, we document an extraordinary deviation from this pattern. We examined five species across three genera of the Asian family Calamariidae (Reed snakes) and demonstrate that they, uniquely among Colubroidea, lack haemapophyses throughout the caudal vertebral series, possessing instead prominent haemal keels\u2013a condition that represents a novel diagnostic feature for Calamariidae. This simplification of vertebral morphology, coupled with an extremely reduced number of caudal vertebrae, likely correlates with the fossorial lifestyle characteristic of this snake family. Furthermore, we identify and illustrate unexpected modifications of subcentral structures in certain other caenophidian taxa, that is, a pareid and several distantly related elapoid species. Our findings underscore the significant taxonomic and diagnostic value of caudal vertebral morphology, a skeletal element that has been largely overlooked.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:25:48Z","timestamp":1784687148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A surprise at the tail's end: The bizarre tail vertebrae of reed snakes (Serpentes, Calamariidae) reveal an extraordinary caudal vertebral morphology for Caenophidia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2285-1167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"Lizak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3265-5496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier S. G.","family":"Pauwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Recent Vertebrates Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2969-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Brecko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Recent Vertebrates Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Biological Collections, Royal Museum for Central Africa  Tervuren Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7759-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios L.","family":"Georgalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"The pattern of dermal\u2010vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians","volume":"41","author":"Alexander A. 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