{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:08:01Z","timestamp":1788851281959,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Morphological data on the eyelids, the third eyelid (nictitating membrane), and the orbital glands remain limited for many Anguimorpha, including the Komodo dragon (\n                    <jats:italic>Varanus komodoensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The ocular adnexa contribute to eye protection, lubrication, and immune defense, and they may also reflect ecological and phylogenetic variation within Squamata. The objective of this study was to describe the gross anatomical, histological, histochemical, and polarized\u2010light microscopy characteristics of the upper and lower eyelids, third eyelid, Harderian gland, and lacrimal gland in the Komodo dragon. A panel of histological and histochemical stains was used to evaluate connective tissues (collagen, elastic fibers, and reticulin), muscles, cartilage, pigmentation, and mucins\/glycoconjugates. The eyelids showed osteoderms and a multilayered keratin arrangement (\u03b2\u2010keratin layer\/fibrous intermediate layer\/\u03b2\u2010keratin layer\/\u03b1\u2010keratin layer). Intense palpebral scale pigmentation and folded conjunctivae with mucin\u2010producing goblet cells may contribute to periocular protection, although this functional interpretation requires confirmation in free\u2010ranging animals. The third eyelid contained hyaline cartilage with Type I collagen\u2010associated birefringence in the perichondrium, Type III collagen\u2010associated birefringence in the cartilage matrix, and conjunctiva\u2010associated lymphoid tissue. The Harderian gland was the dominant orbital gland, but its histochemical profile showed only weak and uneven evidence of acidic mucosubstances, mainly in luminal secretory material; therefore, its secretory phenotype should be interpreted cautiously, whereas the lacrimal gland showed a clearer mucous profile dominated by acidic mucosubstances. By documenting a large non\u2010spectacled anguimorph, these findings provide comparative data relevant to eyelid support, nictitating\u2010membrane organization, lacrimal drainage, and orbital gland variation across Squamata.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:21:34Z","timestamp":1788848494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eyelids and orbital glands of the Komodo dragon (\n                    <i>Varanus komodoensis<\/i>\n                    ): Gross anatomy, histology, and histochemistry"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1154-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kle\u0107kowska\u2010Nawrot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4296-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Poradowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaw","family":"Badenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Studies Institute University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Cyprych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soft Matter Optics Group\u2014SMOG, Faculty of Chemistry Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abit","family":"Akta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Paszta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw Zoological Garden  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9858-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lipi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4412-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Go\u017adziewska\u2010Har\u0142ajczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9079-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Chr\u00f3szcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"The behavioral ecology of the Komodo monitor","author":"Auffenberg W.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1947.tb00371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Angewandte and topographische Anatomie der Haustiere","author":"Berg R.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Technika histologiczna","author":"Burck N. 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