{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:04:43Z","timestamp":1789632283757,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017169","name":"Centre de Regulaci\u00f3 Gen\u00f2mica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2021\/004627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2021\/004627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Piram (Perim) Island of Kathiawar (Gujarat) is well known for its preserved wealth of fossil vertebrates since the early 18th century. Broadly, these vertebrates have been considered to be equivalent to the Dhok Pathan stage of the Middle Siwaliks (~9.8\u20133.5\u2009Ma). Based on earlier finds and recent field work, we describe additional fossil mammals, including the first report of a rodent from these sediments. Also, we discuss the biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Piram in the light of the latest available Siwalik mammalian biochronology and stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses. We can now place these highly fossiliferous sediments at ~8.7\u2009Ma based on the first occurrence (FO) of the hipparionine equid\n                    <jats:italic>Sivalhippus perimensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the last occurrence (LO) of the rodent\n                    <jats:italic>Democricetodon fejfari<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our carbon isotopic data reveal that most of the mammals (bovids, proboscideans, rhinoceratids and giraffids) were dominantly C3 browsers and lived in tropical forests and wet to dry woodlands, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>Sivalhippus perimensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    had a wider range of diet and habitat, ranging from C3 browsing in the tropical forest and wet\u2010dry woodland to mixed C3 and C4 feeding in water stressed wooded grassland. Further, the intra\u2010tooth oxygen isotope values recovered from two high crowned\n                    <jats:italic>Sivalhippus perimensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    teeth reveal evidence of the existence of monsoon\u2010like seasonality in the Late Miocene around the Kathiawar region of Gujarat. Overall, the carbon isotope data indicate co\u2010existence of strict browsers, mixed feeders, and limited grazers in a mosaic of closed canopy forest, woodland and some grassland patches, while oxygen isotope data suggest environmental heterogeneity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:17:57Z","timestamp":1789629477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\n                    <scp>Piram Island<\/scp>\n                    fossil mammals revisited: Implications for age and palaeoecology"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2542-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajeev","family":"Patnaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology Panjab University  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Director Regional Palaeontological Laboratory, Geological Survey of India (Western Region)  Jaipur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Milankumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology Central University of South Bihar  Gaya Bihar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asgar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology Central University of South Bihar  Gaya Bihar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1525-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Advait M.","family":"Jukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural History Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida  USA"},{"name":"Department of Paleobiology National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution  USA"},{"name":"Division of Vertebrate Paleontology Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7652-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology Panjab University  Chandigarh India"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences Baylor University  Waco Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Hunter College of the City University of New York  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History  New York New York USA"},{"name":"New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6210-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Sahni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology Panjab University  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Akhtar M.(1992).Taxonomy And Distribution of the Siwalik Bovids. 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