{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:45:51Z","timestamp":1792215951136,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Ardea alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Linnaeus, 1758) is widely distributed, yet knowledge of its ocular morphology remains limited. This study described the morphometry and morphology of the eyeball and its accessory glands in six specimens using radiography, morphometry, light and scanning electron microscopy, and 3D scanning. The eyeballs showed similar descriptive morphometric values in the right and left eyes, accounting for approximately 11.2% of head mass and 12.12% of total skull length. The eye was classified as the flat type, a morphology previously associated in the literature with diurnal birds, featuring a yellow iris and a circular pupil. The scleral ring consists of 14 bilateral type A ossicles associated with hyaline scleral cartilage. Histologically, the cornea showed a well\u2010defined Bowman's membrane, and the retina had 10 distinct layers. The pleated type pecten emerged from the optic nerve and extended toward the vitreous body. The accessory glands were characterized as follows: the Harderian gland (type II) was the most developed; the lacrimal gland was \u201chockey\u2010stick\u201d shaped; and the nasal gland (salt gland) was supraorbital in location and pyramidal in appearance. These results provide a robust anatomical basis for comparative avian ophthalmology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.70379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:32:33Z","timestamp":1792215153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ocular morphology and morphometry of the great egret (\n                    <i>Ardea alba<\/i>\n                    ): A comprehensive anatomical description"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1645-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Vaz","family":"Feio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Morphology Research Laboratory (LaPMA) Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8157-9330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max Alex Santos","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Morphology Research Laboratory (LaPMA) Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Histology and Embryology (LHEA) Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-1367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iara Fernanda Lima","family":"do Esp\u00edrito Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Morphology Research Laboratory (LaPMA) Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-1334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elane Guerreiro","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Histology and Embryology (LHEA) Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8979-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9rika","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Morphology Research Laboratory (LaPMA) Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8369-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Bas\u00edlio Guerreiro","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mangal das Gar\u00e7as Zoo and Botanical Park  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5668-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Morphology Research Laboratory (LaPMA) Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazonia  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51699\/cajmns.v4i5.1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-021-00155-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41936-020-00175-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"The orbital glands of the terrapin Pseudemys scripta in response to osmotic stress: A light and electron microscope study","volume":"183","author":"Chieffi G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.2588","article-title":"Genetic structuring among populations of the great egret, Ardea alba egretta, in major Brazilian wetlands","volume":"26","author":"Corr\u00eaa T. 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