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Using mid\u2010diaphyseal transverse sections of domestic turkey ulnae (from 11 subadults and 11 adults), we quantified developmental changes in predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO), mineral content (%ash), and microstructure in cortical octants or quadrants (i.e., %ash). Geometric parameters were examined using whole mid\u2010diaphyseal cross\u2010sections. The ulna undergoes habitual bending and torsion, and demonstrates nonuniform matrix fluid\u2010flow patterns, and high circumferential strain gradients along the neutral axis (cranial\u2010caudal) region at mid\u2010diaphysis. The current results showed significant porosity differences: 1) greater osteocyte lacuna densities (N.Lac\/Ar) (i.e., \u201cnon\u2010vascular porosity\u201d) in the caudal and cranial cortices in both groups, 2) greater N.Lac\/Ar in the pericortex vs. endocortex in mature bones, and 3) greater nonlacunar porosity (i.e., \u201cvascular porosity\u201d) in the endocortex vs. pericortex in mature bones. Vascular and nonvascular porosities were not correlated. There were no secondary osteons in subadults. In adults, the highest secondary osteon population densities and lowest %ash occurred in the ventral\u2010caudal, caudal, and cranial cortices, where shear strains, circumferential strain gradients, and fluid displacements are highest. Changes in thickness of the caudal cortex explained the largest proportion of the age\u2010related increase in cranial\u2010caudal breadth; the thickness of other cortices (dorsal, ventral, and cranial) exhibited smaller changes. Only subadult bones exhibited CFO patterns corresponding to habitual tension (ventral) and compression (dorsal). These CFO variations may be adaptations for differential mechanical requirements in \u201cstrain\u2010mode\u2010specific\u201d loading. The more uniform oblique\u2010to\u2010transverse CFO patterns in adult bones may represent adaptations for shear strains produced by torsional loading, which is presumably more prevalent in adults. The micro\u2010 and ultrastructural heterogeneities may influence strain and fluid\u2010flow dynamics, which are considered proximate signals in bone adaptation. 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