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Developmental studies in rodents have shown that low levels of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b23 (Tgf\u2010\u03b23) are associated with normal fusion of the interfrontal (IF) suture, and that Tgf\u2010\u03b23 prevents IF suture fusion in a dose\u2010dependent fashion. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that Tgf\u2010\u03b23 can also prevent or \u201crescue\u201d fusing sutures in a rabbit model with familial craniosynostosis. One hundred coronal sutures from 50 rabbits with delayed\u2010onset, coronal suture synostosis were examined in the present study. The rabbits were divided into five groups of 10 rabbits each: 1) sham controls, 2) bovine serum albumin (BSA, 500 ng) low\u2010dose protein controls, 3) low\u2010dose Tgf\u2010\u03b23 (500 ng), 4) high\u2010dose BSA (1,000 ng) controls, and 5) high\u2010dose Tgf\u2010\u03b23 (1,000 ng). At 10 days of age, radiopaque amalgam markers were implanted in all of the rabbits on either side of the coronal suture to monitor sutural growth. At 25 days of age, the BSA or Tgf\u2010\u03b23 was combined with a slow\u2010absorbing collagen vehicle and injected subperiosteally above the coronal suture. Radiographic results revealed that high\u2010dose Tgf\u2010\u03b23 rabbits had significantly greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) coronal suture marker separation than the other groups. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that high\u2010dose Tgf\u2010\u03b23 rabbits also had patent coronal sutures and significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) greater sutural widths and areas than the other groups. The results suggest that there is a dose\u2010dependent effect of TGF\u2010\u03b23 on suture morphology and area in these rabbits, and that the manipulation of such growth factors may have clinical applications in the treatment of craniosynostosis. 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