{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:19:30Z","timestamp":1790317170616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,9]],"date-time":"2006-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat. Rec."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed new hominid \u201c<jats:italic>Homo floresiensis<\/jats:italic>\u201d is based on specimens from cave deposits on the Indonesian island Flores. The primary evidence, dated at \u223c 18,000 y, is a skull and partial skeleton of a very small but dentally adult individual (LB1). Incomplete specimens are attributed to eight additional individuals. Stone tools at the site are also attributed to <jats:italic>H. floresiensis<\/jats:italic>. The discoverers interpreted <jats:italic>H. floresiensis<\/jats:italic> as an insular dwarf derived from <jats:italic>Homo erectus<\/jats:italic>, but others see LB1 as a small\u2010bodied microcephalic <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>. Study of virtual endocasts, including LB1 and a European microcephalic, purportedly excluded microcephaly, but reconsideration reveals several problems. The cranial capacity of LB1 (\u223c 400 cc) is smaller than in any other known hominid &lt; 3.5 Ma and is far too small to derive from <jats:italic>Homo erectus<\/jats:italic> by normal dwarfing. By contrast, some associated tools were generated with a prepared\u2010core technique previously unknown for <jats:italic>H. erectus<\/jats:italic>, including bladelets otherwise associated exclusively with <jats:italic>H. sapiens<\/jats:italic>. The single European microcephalic skull used in comparing virtual endocasts was particularly unsuitable. The specimen was a cast, not the original skull (traced to Stuttgart), from a 10\u2010year\u2010old child with massive pathology. Moreover, the calotte does not fit well with the rest of the cast, probably being a later addition of unknown history. Consideration of various forms of human microcephaly and of two adult specimens indicates that LB1 could well be a microcephalic <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>. This is the most likely explanation for the incongruous association of a small\u2010brained recent hominid with advanced stone tools. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1123\u20131145, 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,9]],"date-time":"2006-10-09T12:29:48Z","timestamp":1160396988000},"page":"1123-1145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Flores hominid: New species or microcephalic dwarf?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"288A","author":[{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"MacLarnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William 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