{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:56:19Z","timestamp":1781628979428,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,17]],"date-time":"2002-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1034812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The degradation of cat immunoglobulin G (IgG) in blood\u2010fed adult <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic> midguts was examined. SDS\u2010PAGE analysis of dissected midgut extracts obtained from <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic> that had been blood fed for various times between 0 to 44 h revealed that by 24 h most of the high molecular weight proteins, including the heavy chain of IgG, were digested. A 31\u2010kDa serine protease with IgG degrading activity was purified from fed <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic> midguts by benzamidine affinity chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and cation exchange chromatography. Three primary cleavage products between 30\u2010 and 40\u2010kDa were observed when the purified protease was incubated with protein A purified cat IgG. N\u2010terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the products revealed that the IgG degrading protease cleaves after specific cysteine and lysine residues within the hinge region of IgG. The enzyme is also capable of degrading other immunoglobulins, serum albumin, and hemoglobin, suggesting that it may have roles in both combating the host\u2019s immune system and providing nutrients for the flea. A cDNA clone encoding the 265 amino acid IgG degrading protease proenzyme was isolated. When expressed in a baculovirus\/insect cell expression system, the recombinant protein had the same N\u2010terminus as the processed 237 amino acid mature native protein and possessed IgG degrading activity indistinguishable from the native protein. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 51:136\u2013150, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.10059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,18]],"date-time":"2002-10-18T16:16:44Z","timestamp":1034957804000},"page":"136-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Identification, characterization, and cloning of an immunoglobulin degrading enzyme in the cat flea, <i>Ctenocephalides felis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Silver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Gaines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley W.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joely D.","family":"Maddux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rex E.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Wisnewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/9.1.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150080203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.940070305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.4.12.2394318"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.940080406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)90031-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1999.810011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00851-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(91)90062-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80134-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(99)00152-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000076496"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(85)90042-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(94)90150-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)44012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"A comparative study of the digestive enzymes of two vectors of plague","volume":"11","author":"Prasad RS","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283718"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.22.13010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282360"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","unstructured":"TrippC SelkirkM GrieveR.1997.Dirofilaria immitisGP29 proteins and uses thereof. 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