{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T12:54:04Z","timestamp":1761310444647},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1190073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trypsins constitute some of the most abundant midgut digestive proteases expressed by hematophagous insects upon blood feeding. In addition to their role in the digestion of the blood meal, these proteases also have been implicated in the ability of certain pathogens to infect their natural vector. In sand flies, digestive proteases including trypsins were associated with early killing of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> and are believed to play a role in the species\u2010specificity dictating sand fly vectorial capacity. Our group is involved in studies of midgut digestive proteases in the sand fly <jats:italic>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/jats:italic>, the principal vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Here we report on the identification of two cDNAs, <jats:italic>Lltryp1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lltryp2<\/jats:italic>, which code for putative midgut trypsins in <jats:italic>L. longipalpis<\/jats:italic>. Analyses of RNA abundance using semi\u2010quantitative RT\u2010PCR show a different pattern of expression between the two genes. <jats:italic>Lltryp1<\/jats:italic> expression remains undetected until blood feeding and reaches a peak at 12 h post\u2010blood meal (PBM), returning to pre\u2010blood meal levels at 72 h PBM. Additionally, <jats:italic>Lltryp1<\/jats:italic> expression is undetected during larval development. <jats:italic>Lltryp2<\/jats:italic>, on the other hand, is constitutively expressed as high levels in the non\u2010blood fed female, but is reduced upon blood feeding. At the end of the digestive cycle, <jats:italic>Lltryp2<\/jats:italic> regains its pre\u2010blood meal levels. This cDNA also is present in all developmental stages and in adult males. This pattern of expression is reminiscent of what is seen in mosquitoes and Old World sand flies, but has characteristics that are unique to <jats:italic>L. longipalpis<\/jats:italic>. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 66:53\u201363, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.20198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T10:47:10Z","timestamp":1190112430000},"page":"53-63","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Constitutive and blood meal\u2010induced trypsin genes in <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Erich Loza","family":"Telleria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 n\u00f3brega","family":"Pitaluga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ramalho","family":"Ortig\u00e3o\u2010Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana Pereira Oliveira","family":"de 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