{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T23:44:28Z","timestamp":1770680668658,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, atherosclerosis control is important to prevent future heart attacks or strokes. Protein\u2010enriched extract (PE) from housefly maggots (<jats:italic>Musca domestica<\/jats:italic>) can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis partially through its antioxidant effects. Whether PE exerts other anti\u2010atherosclerosis functions remains unclear. Here, PE was found to simultaneously promote cholesterol metabolism effects in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice. Bile acid synthesis plays a key role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis. Whether PE alleviates atherosclerosis by promoting bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption was further explored. First, 8\u2010week\u2010old male ApoE<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice were recruited and fed on a cholesterol\u2010enriched diet. After 8 weeks, these mice were divided into three groups and received gavage administration of PE, simvastatin, and saline for another 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis severity was then assessed. Real\u2010time quantitative polymerase chain reaction\u00a0and western blot were employed to determine the expression of hepatic ATP\u2010binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), liver X receptor \u03b1 (LXR\u03b1), and peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010\u03b3 (PPAR\u2010\u03b3). Serum levels of high\u2010density lipoprotein\u2010cholesterol (HDL), low\u2010density lipoprotein\u2010cholesterol (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay. Results revealed that PE reversed the formation of atherosclerotic lesion; increased the expression of PPAR\u2010\u03b3, LXR\u03b1, and ABCA1; increased the amount of bile flow and total bile acid; reduced the serum level of LDL and TC; and increased the level of HDL. In conclusion, enhancement on bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption may partially contribute to the anti\u2010atherosclerotic effects of PE. The reversal of PPAR\u03b3\u2010LXR\u03b1\u2010ABCA1 signaling pathway may be involved in this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T03:53:42Z","timestamp":1657079622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protein\u2010enriched extracts from housefly (<i>Musca domestica<\/i>) maggots alleviates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E\u2010deficient mice by promoting bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Cuiling","family":"Xian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Disheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junlin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kengyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00164-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.5991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2015.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-019-02437-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M054742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1161-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2019.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08791-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ml500131a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0190-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA09019B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nel021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.312617"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.156257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45369-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M018713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200112517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.305485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.E527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2021.159065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105639"}],"container-title":["Archives 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