{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:45:28Z","timestamp":1761677128092,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mosquitoes are a key threat to millions of people worldwide. They\u00a0spread\u00a0the pathogens that cause deadly diseases among humans and animals. Synthetic pesticides are the best agents to control mosquitoes, but they cause several problems for the environment as well as public health. Continuous usage of commonly available insecticides develops multiple resistances among pests. In search of alternatives to synthetic pesticides, botanicals could be one of the best alternatives to control mosquitoes. The present study explores the insecticidal activity of <jats:italic>Ocimum americanum<\/jats:italic> against <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> larvae and their effect on detoxification enzymes. Leaves of <jats:italic>O. americanum<\/jats:italic> were sequentially extracted using hexane, chloroform, and methanol. Among these, hexane extract showed 100% larvicidal activity at 1\u2009g\/L concentration for 24\u2009h and the LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value was 0.3\u2009g\/L. The phytochemical screening of hexane extract was performed through gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry analysis, which showed 27 compounds. The major compounds are squalene (13.03%), camphor (9.77%), and 1\u2010Iodohexadecane (8.02%). The toxicity of active hexane extract was tested against third instar larvae of <jats:italic>Chironomus costatus<\/jats:italic> (nontarget organism). Results revealed less toxicity (12.2%) at 1\u2009g\/L concentration on the nontarget organism. The enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase and \u03b2\u2010carboxylesterase was significantly inhibited by the hexane extract. The present study reveals the insecticidal potential of <jats:italic>O. americanum<\/jats:italic> with minimum effects on nontarget organisms. The <jats:italic>O. americanum<\/jats:italic> extract inhibited the activity of\u00a0<jats:italic>A.\u00a0aegypti's<\/jats:italic> major insecticide\u2010resistant enzymes. <jats:italic>O.\u00a0americanum<\/jats:italic> could be one of the best alternatives to controlling mosquitoes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T03:24:37Z","timestamp":1662953077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Toxicity of <i>Ocimum americanum<\/i> L. extracts against <i>Aedes aegypti<\/i> larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) and their impact on insecticide resistance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Maduraiveeran","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Unit of Applied Entomology University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagabushanam","family":"Deepika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Unit of Applied Entomology University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2191-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manickkam","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Unit of Applied Entomology University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2013.22.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(90)90385-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2004.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-008-0213-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJPP2013.3938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Preliminary screening of antibacterial and phytochemical studies of Ocimum americanum Linn","volume":"2","author":"Dhale D.A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Ecobiotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Fraser N.\u00a0(2017). 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(2005)\u00a0Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides. 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