{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:02:57Z","timestamp":1768341777760,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although muscle development has been widely studied in <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>, it was a great challenge to apply to developmental processes of other insect muscles. This study was focused on the functional characterization of a basic helix\u2010loop\u2010helix transcription factor gene <jats:italic>twist<\/jats:italic> in an herbivorous ladybird <jats:italic>Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata<\/jats:italic>. Its transcript (<jats:italic>Hvtwist<\/jats:italic>) levels were detected in all developmental stages. RNA interference (RNAi)\u2010aided\u00a0knockdown of <jats:italic>Hvtwist<\/jats:italic> at the penultimate larval instar stage impaired pupation, and caused a deformed adult in the legs. The tarsi were malformed and did not support the bodies in an upright position. The climbing ability was impaired. Moreover, around 50% of the impaired adults had a malformed elytrum. In addition, they consumed less foliage and did not lay eggs. A hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining of the leg demonstrated that the tibial extensor (TE)\u00a0and the tibial flexor (TF)\u00a0muscles were originated from the femurs while levator and depressor muscles of the tarsus (TL\u00a0and TD) were located in the tibia in the control adults, in which tarsal segments were devoid of muscles. RNAi treatment specific to <jats:italic>Hvtwist<\/jats:italic> expression markedly impaired TE and TF muscles in the femurs, and prevented the development of TL and TD muscles in the tibia. Therefore, our findings demonstrate Twist plays a vital role in the myogenesis in <jats:italic>H. vigintioctopunctata<\/jats:italic> adult legs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.22063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T05:38:53Z","timestamp":1698989933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Twist is required for muscle development of the adult legs in <i>Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Ahmad Ali","family":"Anjum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests\/State &amp; Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application,\u00a0College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 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