{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:32:33Z","timestamp":1784673153097,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The zona pellucida domain protein piopio (Pio) was only reported to mediate the adhesion of the apical epithelial surface and the overlying apical extracellular matrix in <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>, but the developmental roles of Pio were poorly understood in insects. To address this issue, we comprehensively analyzed the function of Pio in <jats:italic>Tribolium castaneum<\/jats:italic>. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that <jats:italic>pio<\/jats:italic> exhibited one\u2010to\u2010one orthologous relationship among insects. <jats:italic>T. castaneum pio<\/jats:italic> had a 1236\u2010bp ORF and contained eight\u00a0exons. During development <jats:italic>pio<\/jats:italic> was abundantly expressed from larva to adult and lowly expressed at the late stage of embryo and adult, while it had more transcripts in the head, epidermis, and gut but fewer in the fat body of late\u2010stage larvae. Knockdown of <jats:italic>pio<\/jats:italic> inhibited the pupation, eclosion, and reproduction of <jats:italic>T. castaneum<\/jats:italic>. The expression of <jats:italic>vitellogenin 1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Vg1<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Vg2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Vg receptor<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>VgR<\/jats:italic>) largely decreased in <jats:italic>pio<\/jats:italic>\u2010silenced female adults. Silencing <jats:italic>pio<\/jats:italic> increased the 20\u2010hydroxyecdysone titer by upregulating <jats:italic>phm<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>spo<\/jats:italic> expression but decreased the juvenile hormone (JH) titer through downregulating <jats:italic>JHAMT3<\/jats:italic> and promoting <jats:italic>JHE, JHEH\u2010r4<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>JHDK<\/jats:italic> transcription. These results suggested that Pio might regulate the metamorphosis and reproduction via modulating the ecdysone and JH metabolism in <jats:italic>T. castaneum<\/jats:italic>. This study found the novel roles of <jats:italic>pio<\/jats:italic> in insect metamorphosis and reproduction, and provided the new insights for analyzing other zona pellucida proteins functions in insects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.22122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T06:24:01Z","timestamp":1716531841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The zona pellucida protein piopio regulates the metamorphosis and reproduction in <i>Tribolium castaneum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runting","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 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