{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:47:01Z","timestamp":1778590021413,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Bemisia tabaci<\/jats:italic> MED is one of the major cryptic species that infests various horticultural crops. Over the years, insecticide resistance has developed in this species due to overuse, yet there is a lack of research on resistance rates among individual insecticides. In this study, the age\u2010specific effects of eight insecticides with different modes of action (acetamiprid [4a], flupyradifuron [4b], spinetoram [5], emamectin benzoate [6], pyrifluquinazon [9b], pyridaben [21a], spiromesifen [23], cyantraniliprole [28]) were tested on <jats:italic>B. tabaci<\/jats:italic> eggs of different ages. Insecticides at different doses were applied to eggs on tomato plants via leaf dipping assays, and the mortality until shortly after hatching (1st instar nymphs) was determined. Among the tested compounds, pre\u2010hatch mortality was substantially higher for neonicotinoid compounds (55.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8% and 88.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7% for flupyradifuron and acetamiprid, respectively), hatch failure was greatest for pyridaben (57%\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5%), and 1st instar nymph mortality was higher for emamectin benzoate (74.1%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9%), pyrifluquinazon (69.9%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5%), cyantraniliprole (67.9%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5%), and spinetoram (66.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3%). This suggests that neonicotinoids are highly lethal at the embryonic stage, while pyridaben induced hatch failure, and a variety of other insecticides induced lingering lethality after hatching. Our results provide essential information for understanding each insecticide's developmental and physiological effects and improving the chemical control of <jats:italic>B. tabaci<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T13:59:17Z","timestamp":1755007157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stage\u2010Specific Susceptibility of <i>Bemisia tabaci<\/i> MED Eggs and Neonates to Insecticides With Different Modes of Action"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Sushant Raj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Gorkha Seed and Agro Traders, Gorkha Agri Group Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwalsu","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2915-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Georgia Tifton Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2136-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research, Institute of Invertebrate Vector Kyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeong\u2010Yeoll","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Plant Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11102032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-112408-085504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.36.010191.002243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Sublethal Effects of Cyantraniliprole on Development and Reproduction of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci","volume":"67","author":"Chen J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pest Management Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-018-1956-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"999","article-title":"Toxicity of Selected Insecticides Against Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover","volume":"43","author":"Ghafoor A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Evaluation of Novel Insecticides Against Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci on Cotton","volume":"3","author":"Ghodki B. 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