{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:10:53Z","timestamp":1764223853324,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lipids are essential for all organisms, and insects can obtain these macromolecules from their diet or synthesize them from carbohydrates and amino acids. These animals store fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerol in lipid droplets in the fat body and, in times of demand, mobilize these reserves as an energy source or for synthesizing structural lipids. However, details about this metabolism are unknown in most species, such as the beetle\n                    <jats:italic>Tribolium castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here, we explored the dynamics of triacylglycerol and lipid metabolism during larval and pupal development, after adult emergence, and under fasting conditions. Larvae accumulated triacylglycerol during development, reaching the highest amounts of lipids in the late stages and the pupa. The expression of fatty acid synthase 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>TcFAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>TcCPT\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was highest early in larval development. Lipase activity was lower in the pupa, similar to that observed for Brummer lipase (\n                    <jats:italic>TcBmm<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene expression. After adult emergence, triacylglycerol stores decreased, reaching a minimum after 1 week. Gene expression of the\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    fatty acid synthesis pathway increased 4 days after emergence. On the other hand, both\n                    <jats:italic>TcCPT\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression and lipase activity decreased 1 week after emergence. Under starvation, adult beetles survived for a maximum of 6 days. Under these conditions, triacylglycerol stores remained stable while protein levels decreased significantly. In addition, gene expression of\n                    <jats:italic>TcBmm<\/jats:italic>\n                    and acyl\u2010CoA synthetase 5 (\n                    <jats:italic>TcACSL5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) increased. These results are an important step towards using\n                    <jats:italic>T. castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a model for studying lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:20:03Z","timestamp":1763018403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of Triacylglycerol Dynamics and Lipid Metabolism in the Beetle\n                    <i>Tribolium castaneum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Marcelle","family":"Pessoa\u2010Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luayni Lorena Fernandes","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela Verdan Pimenta do","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Almeida\u2010Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioqu\u00edmica M\u00e9dica Leopoldo de Meis Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7916-5315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Majerowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioci\u00eancias Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2015.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2022.885172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2023.159442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.22098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"A Colorimetric Microplate Assay Method for High Throughput Analysis of Lipase Activity","volume":"36","author":"Choi S. 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