{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T13:00:29Z","timestamp":1785070829736,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the temporal dynamics of extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, together with the expression profiles of its putative upstream ligands and downstream target genes, during embryonic development in\n                    <jats:italic>Bombyx mori<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The results revealed distinct ERK phosphorylation dynamics: significantly higher levels of phosphorylated ERK were observed between Days 1 and 6 after oviposition in developing eggs (non\u2010diapause and HCl\u2010treated eggs), whereas diapause eggs exhibited low levels. The temporal expression patterns of genes in the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)\/torso and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathways\u2014\n                    <jats:italic>spitz<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>spi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>rhomboid<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>rho<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>Egf receptor<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Egfr<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2014did not differ between diapause and HCl\u2010treated eggs. In contrast, the EGF pathway gene\n                    <jats:italic>vein<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>vn<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and genes in the transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b2 signaling pathway\u2014including the ligand\n                    <jats:italic>myoglianin<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>myo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and its receptor\n                    <jats:italic>babo<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014displayed distinct temporal expression patterns. Similarly,\n                    <jats:italic>Jelly belly<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Jeb<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\/\n                    <jats:italic>anaplastic lymphoma kinase<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Alk<\/jats:italic>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>Fgf receptor (Fgfr)<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>neurotrophin<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>NT<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and Toll\u2010receptor ligands (sp\u00e4tzle family members (\n                    <jats:italic>spz2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>spz4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>spz5<\/jats:italic>\n                    )) showed differential expression, with levels significantly elevated during the middle and late stages of embryonic development in HCl\u2010treated eggs. Non\u2010diapause and chilled eggs also exhibited increasing expression patterns of these genes, similar to those observed in HCl\u2010treated eggs. Additionally, ERK target genes\n                    <jats:italic>pointed<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>huckebein<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>hkb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) showed higher and broader expression peaks in developing eggs compared to diapause eggs. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional regulation of upstream and downstream ERK signaling components during embryonic development and reveals new insights into the mechanisms underlying embryonic diapause.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.70194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T07:11:20Z","timestamp":1784445080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Dynamics of Extracellular Signal\u2010Regulated Kinase Phosphorylation and Associated Signaling Genes During Embryonic Development in\n                    <i>Bombyx mori<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4615-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi\u2010Hong","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology National Museum of Natural Science Taichung 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