{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:18:32Z","timestamp":1787818712598,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and functional decline, yet effective interventions remain limited. The polyamine spermidine was suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, but its concentration\u2010dependent impact on longevity, neuronal integrity, and behavior remains still not well studied. Here, we investigated the effects of spermidine on lifespan, behavioral responses, brain tissue, target gene expression, and antioxidant status in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    model of age\u2010dependent neurodegeneration. Wild\u2010type flies and\n                    <jats:italic>swiss cheese (sws<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants were exposed to 0.5, 1, and 5\u2009mM spermidine from early adulthood. Lifespan analysis revealed that high\u2010dose spermidine (5\u2009mM) reduced survival in both wild\u2010type and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      sws\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, whereas lower doses (0.5 and 1\u2009mM) significantly improved survival in mutants without affecting wild\u2010type flies. Behavioral assays revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>sws<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    flies exhibited reduced climbing ability compared to controls, which was further decreased at 5\u2009mM. Lower concentrations did not significantly affect locomotor performance. Taste preference for trehalose, impaired in untreated\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      sws\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, was partially restored by spermidine at all tested concentrations. Histological analysis of 10\u201313\u2010day\u2010old mutants showed a concentration\u2010dependent reduction in degeneration zones within the lamina and medulla at 0.5 and 1\u2009mM, whereas 5\u2009mM had no effect. Biochemical assays indicated mild pro\u2010oxidant effects at 5\u2009mM, reflected by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while 0.5\u2009mM enhanced antioxidant defenses, including catalase activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Our results suggest that spermidine at low doses has the potential to be a general\u2010purpose neuroprotector.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:15:17Z","timestamp":1785586517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuroprotective Potential of Spermidine in\n                    <i>Drosophila sws<\/i>\n                    Neurodegenerative Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3012-0268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiia","family":"Raspopina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Lviv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9318-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Tkachuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Lviv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1582-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nataliya","family":"Matiytsiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Lviv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111504"},{"issue":"32","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Free Radical Processes in Rats Tissues under Influence of Sodium Hypochlorite and Histamine","volume":"2","author":"Bishko O. 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