{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:58:20Z","timestamp":1790427500129,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Curcumin, a plant\u2010polyphenolic compound, has been reported to induce autophagy and autophagic cell death in insect cells but its impact on cell cycle regulation is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the short\u2010term effects of curcumin on the cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and autophagy\u2010associated cellular responses in the Sf9 insect cells of\n                    <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Short\u2010term treatment of Sf9 cells with low\u2010dose curcumin (5\u201315\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) resulted in a continuous decrease in cell proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant increase in the number of cells in the G 1 phase, indicating G 1 cell cycle arrest. This was also supported by nuclear morphology analysis using DAPI staining. Importantly, the growth inhibition caused by curcumin was not associated with apoptotic features or DNA fragmentation. Treatment with curcumin evoked a time\u2010dependent increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species without significant mitochondrial membrane depolarization, indicating a controlled stress response instead of mitochondrial\u2010dependent apoptosis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant surface morphological remodeling including cell shrinkage and membrane irregularities consistent with structural reorganization associated with autophagy. Molecular docking analysis using conserved insect cell cycle regulatory proteins supported a potential interaction of curcumin with G\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    phase cyclin\u2010dependent kinases. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that curcumin induces autophagy\u2010linked G\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell cycle arrest in Sf9 cells, extending previous observations of curcumin\u2010induced autophagy and nucleophagy. This study highlights autophagy\u2010mediated cell cycle regulation as a key mechanism underlying curcumin\u2010induced growth suppression in insect cells and provides insight into the cellular actions of botanical bioactive compounds relevant to insect physiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:22:14Z","timestamp":1790342534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Curcumin Induces Autophagy Associated G\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    Cell Cycle Arrest in\n                    <i>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/i>\n                    Sf9 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6761-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veeran","family":"Sethuraman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Natural Product and Medical Entomology Laboratory, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7630-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Benshui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9532-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaganathan","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0207-4890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guohua","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide South China Agricultural University Guangzhou P. 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