{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:58:25Z","timestamp":1790427505941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In honey bees, queen\u2013worker differentiation is regulated by diet and begins after the first 3 days post\u2010hatching. Several molecules and processes appear to be involved in caste polyphenism, including juvenile hormone, royalactin, and DNA methylation. A protease (PS4) was recently detected in worker larvae at 72\u2009h post\u2010hatching and shown to be inhibited by royal jelly, suggesting a potential role in this process. This study investigated the expression and tissue localization of nucleoplasmin during caste polyphenism in\n                    <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae. A protein spot corresponding to a previously described caste\u2010specific proteolytic activity was separated by 2DE and identified by mass spectrometry as a nucleoplasmin\u2010like protein. Based on this result, a polyclonal antibody was raised against a conserved nucleoplasmin peptide and subsequently used for immunoproteomic and immunohistochemical analyses in worker\u2010 and queen\u2010destined larvae. At this instar, Western blot analysis using a polyclonal anti\u2013nucleoplasmin\u2010like protein antibody revealed bands between 43\u201388\u2009kDa and 74\u2013104\u2009kDa in worker\u2010 and queen\u2010destined larvae, respectively, which may correspond to different polymeric conformations of the nucleoplasmin\u2010like protein. Differences in the molecular mass of nucleoplasmin\u2010like protein spots between worker and queen larvae suggest caste\u2010specific roles during differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed a ubiquitous nuclear distribution of the protein in undifferentiated larvae. Worker\u2010fate larvae diverge from this pattern as early as Day 4, whereas queen\u2010fate larvae retain a distribution like that of undifferentiated larvae, possibly representing the baseline developmental condition. Further studies examining temporal changes in nucleoplasmin\u2010like protein expression between the third and fourth larval instars and during post\u2010larval stages are desirable.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.70221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:32:53Z","timestamp":1790343173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nucleoplasmin\u2010Like Protein, Expression Differences During the Caste Polyphenism Processes in\n                    <i>Apis mellifera<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1592-7522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Sagona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Pisa University Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5586-6694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"D'Onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Pisa University Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Tafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari\u2014ISPA CNR Grugliasco Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-3620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Pisa University Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Lazzarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Pisa University Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Pirone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Pisa University Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7896-5695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Miragliotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Pisa University Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0808-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Felicioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences Pisa University Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-112408-085356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2003.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Accoppiamento e riproduzione. 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