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These new derivatives reduced both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rodents by either the oral or intraperitoneal route of administration. Previous studies have demonstrated that similar heterocyclic compounds, i.e. cyclic imides, glutarimides and hydantoins are potent hypolipidemic agents in rodents. The barbituric acid derivatives probably interfered with <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in the early steps since the agents inhibit the activities of ATP\u2010dependent citrate lyase and acetyl\u2010CoA synthetase. Triglyceride synthesis may be blocked since the agents inhibited the rate limiting enzyme, sn\u2010glycerol\u20103\u2010phosphate\u2010acyl\u2010transferase. Rat tissue lipids especially cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced after 14 days treatment. Fecal lipids were increased in cholesterol and phospholipid content by selected compounds. The rat serum lipoprotein after 14 days drug administration showed reduced VLDL\u2010cholesterol and chylomicron\u2010cholesterol content with elevated HDL\u2010cholesterol and HDL\u2010triglyceride contents. The modulation of the lipid content of the serum lipoproteins by the barbituric acids suggest that these agents may be helpful in treating clinical hyperlipidemic disease states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.19903230905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,17]],"date-time":"2006-10-17T06:34:58Z","timestamp":1161066898000},"page":"579-586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Hypolipidemic Activity in Rodents of Phenobarbital and Related Derivatives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"323","author":[{"given":"I. H.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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