{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T12:52:25Z","timestamp":1761310345522},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,19]],"date-time":"2006-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1150675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A series of new 3\u2010(substituted) 3\u2010hydroxy\u2010propanoic acid ethyl esters <jats:bold>1a\u2013c<\/jats:bold>, hydrazides<jats:bold> 2a\u2013c<\/jats:bold>, thiosemicarbazides <jats:bold>3a\u2013f<\/jats:bold>, and semicarbazides <jats:bold>3g<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>3h <\/jats:bold>has been synthesized. Cyclization of compounds<jats:bold> 3a\u2013d <\/jats:bold>in basic medium yielded 1,2,4\u2010triazole\u20105\u2010thiones<jats:bold> 4a\u2013d<\/jats:bold>. On the other hand, reaction of hydrazides<jats:bold> 2a\u2013c <\/jats:bold>with CS<jats:sub>2 <\/jats:sub>in basic medium afforded 1,3,4\u2010oxadiazole\u20105\u2010thiones <jats:bold>5a\u2013c<\/jats:bold>. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their physical and spectral analyses data. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti\u2010inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. Compounds<jats:bold> 1c<\/jats:bold>,<jats:bold> 3g<\/jats:bold>,<jats:bold> 4a<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>4b<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>4c<\/jats:bold>, and<jats:bold> 5c<\/jats:bold> exhibited comparable anti\u2010inflammatory activity to that of indomethacin and compounds <jats:bold>1c<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>4c<\/jats:bold>, and<jats:bold> 5c<\/jats:bold> were more analgesics than acetyl salicylic acid. Compounds<jats:bold> 4b<\/jats:bold>,<jats:bold> 4c<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:bold>5c <\/jats:bold>showed superior GI safety profile (33.3%, 33.3% and 50.0% ulceration) than that of indomethacin (100% ulceration) at 100 mg\/kg oral dose. Compounds<jats:bold> 4b<\/jats:bold>,<jats:bold> 4c<\/jats:bold>, and<jats:bold> 5c <\/jats:bold>were also non\u2010toxic with a median lethal dose (LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) up to 200 mg\/kg. The antibacterial and antifungal screenings identified compounds <jats:bold>3c<\/jats:bold>,<jats:bold> 4b<\/jats:bold>,<jats:bold> 4d<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>5a<\/jats:bold>, and<jats:bold> 5b<\/jats:bold> as the most effective against a variety of tested microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.200600016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,19]],"date-time":"2006-06-19T10:03:26Z","timestamp":1150711406000},"page":"378-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Synthesis of \u03b2\u2010Hydroxypropanoic Acid Derivatives as Potential Anti\u2010inflammatory, Analgesic and Antimicrobial Agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"339","author":[{"given":"Hamdy M.","family":"Abdel\u2010Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"R. 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