{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:18:47Z","timestamp":1790018327980,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1215648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010invasive measurement and visualization of free radicals<jats:italic> in vivo<\/jats:italic> would be important to clarify their roles in the pathogenesis of free radical\u2010associated diseases. Nitroxyl radicals can react with free radicals and be derivatized to achieve specific cellular \/ subcellular localizing capabilities while retaining the simple spectral features useful in imaging. Overhauser\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OMRI), which is a double resonance technique, creates images of free radical distributions in small animals by enhancing the water proton signal intensity via the Overhauser Effect. In this study, we synthesized various nitroxyl probes having <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N nuclei and deuterium, and measured the enhancement factor for Overhauser\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging experiments. <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N\u2010D\u20104\u2010Oxo\u20102,2,6,6\u2010tetramethylpiperidine\u20101\u2010oxyl (<jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N\u2010D\u2010oxo\u2010TEMPO) has the highest enhancement factor compared with other nitroxyl probes. The proton signal enhancement was higher for <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N\u2010labeled nitroxyl probes when compared to the <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>N\u2010labeled analogues because of the reduced spectral multiplicity of the I = 1\/2 nucleus. Furthermore, this enhancement is proportional to the line width and number of electron spin resonance lines of nitroxyl radicals. Finally, we compared the Overhauser\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance image of <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N\u2010labeled, deuterated 4\u2010Oxo\u20102,2,6,6\u2010tetramethylpiperidine\u20101\u2010oxyl with that of <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>N\u2010H\u2010TEMPOL. These results suggested that the selective deuteration of the nitroxyl probes enhanced the signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio and thereby improved spatial and temporal resolutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.200800053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T13:58:15Z","timestamp":1215698295000},"page":"548-553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Synthesis of Nitroxyl Radicals for Overhauser\u2010enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"341","author":[{"given":"Ken\u2010ichi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihide","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sadasue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiya","family":"Mito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Aso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Suemune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760500440536"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2003.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"307","volume":"62","author":"Kuppusamy P.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0455.2002.430418.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(03)00073-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022477530291"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.92.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042671399"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(88)90123-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200012)12:6<929::AID-JMRI17>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/43\/7\/011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510670103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1995.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. 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