{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:27:28Z","timestamp":1791462448007,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009085","name":"Jain University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly dreaded, infectious, chronic, airborne disease affecting more than two million people all around the world, with more than eight million cases every calendar year. TB is the second leading infectious cause of death after HIV\/AIDS. Over the past few decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop new anti\u2010TB agents. The current frontline therapy for TB consists of administering three or more different drugs (usually isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) over an extended period of time. But these drugs will take 6\u201312 months to cure TB, along with many side effects; hence, there is an urgent need to explore new anti\u2010TB agents. Quinoxaline derivatives are a class of compounds that show a spectrum of biological properties and the interest in these compounds is exponentially growing within the field of medicinal chemistry. Quinoxaline\u20101,4\u2010di\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010oxide derivatives have shown to improve the biological results and are endowed with anti\u2010viral, anti\u2010cancer, anti\u2010bacterial, and anti\u2010protozoal activities with application in many other therapeutic areas. Since quinoxaline derivatives are regarded as a new class of effective anti\u2010TB candidates, their 1,4\u2010di\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010oxide analogues may show promising\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      anti\u2010TB activities and might be able to prevent the drug resistance to a certain extent. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to focus on important quinoxaline and quinoxaline\u20101,4\u2010di\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010oxide analogues that have shown anti\u2010TB activities, and their structure\u2013activity relationships for designing anti\u2010TB agents with better efficacies. The present review will be helpful in providing insights for rational designs of more active and less toxic quinoxaline\u2010based anti\u2010TB prodrugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201700325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T06:01:07Z","timestamp":1522735267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Quinoxaline and quinoxaline\u20101,4\u2010di\u2010\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010oxides: An emerging class of antimycobacterials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"351","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-8379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rangappa S.","family":"Keri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University Jain Global Campus Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudam S.","family":"Pandule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Nowrosjee Wadia College Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa","family":"Budagumpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University Jain Global Campus Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhari M.","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University Jain Global Campus Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2014.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference","author":"Grange J. 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