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The emergence of more virulent and resistant strains of bacteria by the development of either mutated DNA\u2010binding proteins or efflux pump mechanism for drugs is considered the main problem associated with the therapeutic use of these drugs. This situation participated in pushing researchers to design new fluoroquinolone derivatives, mainly with different substituents at C\u20107 to withstand these resistant strains of bacteria and to obtain a wider spectrum of activity including activity against anaerobic organisms. Conjugation of fluoroquinolones with substitutions such as 1,2,4\u2010triazoles, alkyl oximes, flavonoids, aryl furans, benzofuroxans, metronidazoles or even other antibiotics such as neomycin\u2010B produced derivatives that have a superior and wider spectrum of activity and better resistance than the classical fluoroquinolone agents. Addition of a hydroxamic acid moiety to fluoroquinolones also increased the activity against <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>, which represents one of the most resistant strains of bacteria in urinary tract infections. This review aims to highlight the recent updates made for fluoroquinolones for broadening the spectrum of activity to become active not only against resistant strains of bacteria but also against anaerobic pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201800141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T14:46:08Z","timestamp":1532616368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Recent updates of fluoroquinolones as antibacterial agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"351","author":[{"given":"Hend A. 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