{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T12:03:14Z","timestamp":1782907394179,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection is linked with inflammatory disorders and the development of oxidative stress in extreme cases. Therefore, anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidant drugs may alleviate these complications. <jats:italic>Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic> L. folium extract (EGb) is a herbal medicine containing various active constituents. This review aims to provide a critical discussion on the potential role of EGb in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). The antiviral effect of EGb is mediated by different mechanisms, including blocking SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 3\u2010chymotrypsin\u2010like protease\u00a0that provides trans\u2010variant effectiveness. Moreover, EGb impedes the development of pulmonary inflammatory disorders through the diminution of neutrophil elastase activity, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, and thrombosis. Thus, EGb can attenuate the acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID\u201019. In conclusion, EGb offers the potential of being used as adjuvant antiviral and symptomatic therapy. Nanosystems enabling targeted delivery, personalization, and booster of effects provide the opportunity for the use of EGb in modern phytotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202200188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T02:03:49Z","timestamp":1654653829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["<i>Ginkgo biloba<\/i> in the management of the COVID\u201019 severity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"355","author":[{"given":"Hayder M.","family":"Al\u2010kuraishy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine ALmustansiriyia University Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali I.","family":"Al\u2010Gareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine ALmustansiriyia University Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajeet","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering Florida Polytechnic University Lakeland Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5306-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kujawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology Poznan University of Medical Sciences Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaber El\u2010Saber","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Damanhour University Damanhour AlBeheira Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"@JohnsHopkins.COVID\u201019 Map\u2014Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.\u00a02022. Accessed May 4 2022.https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/map.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2021.102008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.644295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.642822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Owen K.Laird M.Shivkumar Lett. Appl. Microbiol.2021.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/lam.13637","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.197989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2021.100141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"EMA\/HMPC\/321095\/2012.Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products [HMPC] Assessment report on Ginkgo biloba L. folium.2014.https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/herbal-report\/final-assessment-report-ginkgo-biloba-l-folium_en.pdf(accessed: January 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1np00026h"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61700-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9673(02)00172-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10590501.2016.1278298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920010791110818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Jodynis\u2010Liebert M.Kujawska J. Clin. Med.2020 9.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9030718","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2015.0114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2009.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Ginkgo biloba","author":"Nguyen T.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-012-0725-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. J.Benton S. A.Wharton S. R.Martin J. W.McCauley J. Virol.2017 91.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.02293-16","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02293-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2006.10.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20035137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b00600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es3029473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1109-3405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11535-013-0278-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c8fo02506a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-007-0407-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Gaber M. S.Refat A.Belal I. M.El\u2010Deen N.Hassan R.Zakaria M.Alhomrani A. S.Alamri W. F.Alsanie E.M Saied Molecules2021 26.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26082288","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16097634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040794"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90210.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgn143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.39351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.50041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0959-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574413497106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26103003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2021.104909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-021-00564-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","unstructured":"A.Dowlati Beirami D.Hatamabadi S.Iranpanah M.Rezaei S. A.Ziai Sch. Med. Stud. J.2020 2 2.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22037\/smsj.v2i3.31997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.692423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14100980"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c07085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","first-page":"541","volume":"22","author":"Furuya A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200318152049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01518"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-021-00268-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S318949"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.319567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI145301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. S.Chen M. M.Alfajaro J.Wei R. D.Chow R. B.Filler S. C.Eisenbarth C. B.Wilen bioRxiv2020.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.24.312769","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.24.312769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.2181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2009.30.3187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_448_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","unstructured":"T.Liu S.Jiang S.Jia F.Fan Curr. Top. Nutraceutical Res.2021 19 227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2021.1918103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30476\/ijms.2021.88513.1921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","first-page":"357","volume":"51","author":"Al\u2010Amri J. S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.644095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.5313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S302934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16119194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/368598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180504.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025852"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33218\/001c.13525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Giri X.Cai S. R.Panicker I.Biswas A. R.Rezaie Int. J. Mol. Sci.2019 20.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20081851","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7085-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17590914211057635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-020-00184-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5cp05924k"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304034200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S157877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. M.Alsmadi L. I.Tawalbeh O. S.Gammoh M. Q.Shawagfeh W.Zalloum A.Ashour H.Attarian U.Andersson Mol Med.2020 26 64.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-020-00184-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-020-00184-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2021.0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","first-page":"278","volume":"26","author":"Huang Q. C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Pharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1nr02036f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S283686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2022.e00712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.Paliwal S.Sargolzaei S. K.Bhardwaj V.Bhardwaj C.Dixit A.Kaushik Front. Nanotechnol.2020 2.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnano.2020.571284","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2020.571284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1tb00472g"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Gage K.Brunson K.Morris S. L.Wallen J.Dhau H.Gohel A.Kaushik Front. Nanotechnol.2021 3.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnano.2021.700888","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2021.700888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2021.100363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2021.1860938"}],"container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ardp.202200188","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ardp.202200188","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ardp.202200188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T09:39:15Z","timestamp":1692697155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ardp.202200188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ardp.202200188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ardp.202200188","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0365-6233","1521-4184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0365-6233","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4184","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2200188"}}