{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:29:13Z","timestamp":1790749753338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archiv der Pharmazie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six extracts (water, ethanol, ethanol\u2010water, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010hexane) of <jats:italic>Astragalus caraganae<\/jats:italic> were studied for their biological activities and bioactive contents. Based on high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (HPLC\u2010MS), the ethanol\u2010water extract yielded the highest total bioactive content (4242.90\u2009\u00b5g\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), followed by the ethanol and water extracts (3721.24 and 3661.37\u2009\u00b5g\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively), while the least total bioactive content was yielded by the hexane extract, followed by the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts (47.44, 274.68, and 688.89\u2009\u00b5g\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively). Rutin, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010coumaric, chlorogenic, isoquercitrin, and delphindin\u20103,5\u2010diglucoside were among the major components. Unlike the dichloromethane extracts, all the other extracts showed radical scavenging ability in the 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay (8.73\u201352.11\u2009mg Trolox equivalent [TE]\/g), while all extracts displayed scavenging property in the 2,2\u2010azino\u2010bis(3\u2010ethylbenzthiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay (16.18\u2013282.74\u2009mg TE\/g). The extracts showed antiacetylcholinesterase (1.27\u20132.73\u2009mg galantamine equivalent [GALAE]\/g), antibutyrylcholinesterase (0.20\u20135.57\u2009mg GALAE\/g) and antityrosinase (9.37\u201363.56\u2009mg kojic acid equivalent [KAE]\/g) effects. The molecular mechanism of the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced oxidative stress pathway was aimed to be elucidated by applying ethanol, ethanol\/water and water extracts at 200\u2009\u00b5g\/mL concentration to human dermal cells (HDFs). <jats:italic>A. caraganae<\/jats:italic> in HDF cells had neither a cytotoxic nor genotoxic effect but could have a cytostatic effect in increasing concentrations. The findings have allowed a better insight into\u00a0the pharmacological potential\u00a0of the plant, with respect to their chemical entities and bioactive contents, as well as extraction solvents and their polarity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202300263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T03:09:22Z","timestamp":1689131362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Unraveling the chemical profile, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, cytotoxic potential of different extracts from <i>Astragalus caraganae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"356","author":[{"given":"\u0130nci","family":"Kurt\u2010Celep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ata\u015fehir Ac\u0131badem Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131nlar University \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan","family":"Zengin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Science Faculty Selcuk University Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi I.","family":"Uba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Istanbul AREL University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Caprioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Camerino Camerino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Camerino Camerino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6571-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Angeloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Camerino Camerino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugur","family":"Cakilcioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pertek Sakine Gen\u00e7 Vocational School Munzur University Pertek Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8225-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pertek Sakine Gen\u00e7 Vocational School Munzur University Pertek Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alevcan","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sason Vocational School Batman University Batman Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jugreet","family":"Sharmeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Mauritius Reduit Mauritius"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad F.","family":"Mahomoodally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Mauritius Reduit Mauritius"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science Saveetha University Chennai India"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences North\u2010West University Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"63","volume":"48","author":"Ranjbar M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioOne"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10010124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11102000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.176550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"20","volume":"47","author":"Krasteva I.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"259","volume":"25","author":"Khan G.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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